1 1 1<. AT CENTRES IN Til A' UK A IX. 717 



confirmed by Fnin<;<>is Fninek :i.n<l I'itres, 1 who find Unit the Uiul.ler is 

 fur more sensitive to the el'feets of rr.ivl mi I excitation (in the motor 

 region) Mian the vascular system, although the, eH'eets produced ;ire 

 somevvh;i,t irregular, v. I'.eehterevv and Mislawsky also determined 

 separately tin; e Herts of cortical stimulation upon the sphincter vesie;e. 

 They found that this was sometimes contracted, sometimes relaxed, as 

 the result of such .stimulation, effects comparable, an they point out, to 

 tlie two kinds of influence, contraction and inhibition, which the will 

 probably exerts upon thai muscle. 



Heat centres in the brain (?). That injuries to the hrain produced 

 experimentally in animals cause a rise of hody temperature, was shown 

 by Tscheschischin.' 2 ftulenberg and Landois/' and subsequently Hit/i^, 1 

 found that injuries of the cortex of the do^'s hrain in the neighbourhood 

 of the crucial suleus produce a rise, of temperature, which is most 

 marked on the opposite side of the body/ 1 Similar observations were 

 made by Wood," Kichet, 7 < )tt, s and others.-' Aronsohn and Sachs 10 

 found that punctures of the corpus sfriatum, in particular, eause a rise 



of temperature, and the same fact wan allirmcd independently bv ott," 



and has been confirmed by ( lirard, l:; IJai^insky and Lehmann, 1:t and Hale 

 White." The Observations of Hale White, which were made upon rabbits, 

 tend to show that it is especially a lesion of the grey matter of tlie corpus 

 striatum and not of the adjacent white matter of the hemisphere, nor of 

 the optic thalamus, which is followed by the rise of temperature, and that 



this rise, which may amount to 3 or 4 or ever) 5" I 1 '., lasts from a few hours 



to several days. Lesions of the crus cerebri and of the sept urn lucidiim 

 were also found by Hale White; to be, followed by a, very considerable 

 elevation of temperature, but injuries to the cortex cerebri to a less degree. 

 Injuries to various parts of tin; brain (cortex, corpus striatum, and 

 crus cerebri) in man have; also frequently been found to be associ- 

 ated with rise of body temperature. 15 It is, however, very doubtful 

 whether the facts observed warrant the assumption that the parts in 

 question, which are apparently irritated by the lesion, are specific 

 centres to determine the production of heat. For when the experiments 



1 Luc. clL; see also v. Iierhl.c-i v\v ;i,ml Mislawsky (Nfiirnf. ('<"/i,/,rtt //>/,., Leip/.ig, 1 8KH, S. 



TtOf)), who obtained contraction of the detrusor vesine in the dog on stimulating a localised 

 part of tlio posterior sigrnoid gynis. v. llochtorew obtained contraction of the sj)hincter 

 vfisini- Ity stimulation of a point in the .same gyms a little further out (NeuroL Centra/hi., 

 Leipzte, 1898, I'.d. xii. S. 81). 



'-' Arfk. /'. .///"/., /'////.S-/W. u. wi.Hac.wch. M>'</., ISf.t;, S. lf.1; :ni<l l),-nlm:lti-s Arch. /'. /7m. 

 M.,i., Leipzig, l57, Bd, ii. S. 588. 



; ri,vln><r'x .//-,////', lid. l.vvi. S. IS'.t ; lid. Ixviii. S. 24f). 



rV-///,m//>/. /. ,/. nu;l. //-/^o/.W/., lierlin, IS7C, S. W>. 



- Tlii ; dill'erence on the two side.s was not found by Halo White and Washbouni in 

 r.ihliits, Jdiini.. f'/iif.nol., Cambridgft and London, 1891, vol. xii. p. 271. 

 " " Kt-vcr," Nmitkxon.. C,itnli. A'//o///., Washington, 1880. 



7 ,W. ,/.,- hint., Paris, l>!) Mars 1884. 



8 Journ. Ncrv. and Ment. Din., N. Y., 1884. 



9 For references to earlier observations, see Riegel, Arch. f. d. I/I-H. 7'////.sW., lionn, 1872, 

 lid. v. S. 629; later ])a|)ens are given by Hale White, .//////. Pkysiol., CHinbridge and 

 London, 1890, vol. xi. p. 1. 



10 Deutsche tried. Wchnschr., Leip/ig, 1884, and Arch. f. d. ye*. Pkysiol., Bonn, 1885, 

 I'.d. xxxvii. S. 232. 



"Journ. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1884, 1887, 1888; and //,//,,, London, 1889. 

 ''-' Arck. ilf-phyainl. nnriii. el jmt.fi.., Paris, ISHI5, tmiH- viii. 



13 Wrchow'a Arch'iv, 1880, Bd. cvi. S. lif.s. 



14 Journ. Phyriol., Cambridge an. I Lundun, IS90, vol. xi. p. 1; ihi,/., 1SU1, vol. xii. p. y.'J.'J. 

 ''Fora list of published cases, see Hale White, /;,-//. M,'d. ,/mirn., London, 189-1, 



vol. ii. p. 1093 ; ibid., 1897, vol. i. p. 1655. 



