112 TEXTILE FIBRES. 



be expected to arrive on the spinner's premises "Carriage paid" or 

 " Carriage forward," etc. 



The classification of cotton by the broker is a very important matter 

 as regards both buyer and seller. Recently a case occurred where a firm 

 was famous for the quality of the medium fine counts they were in the 

 habit of spinning. 



On one occasion the broker sent on samples to the firm, which were 

 hurriedly approved of by one of the members, and subsequently the bales 

 of cotton were forwarded and mixed with the other cottons in stock in 

 the mixing-room. When the new mixing came to be used it was found 

 that the yarn was not nearly so good as before, and owing to its lowered 

 quality and the complaints of his customers who were taking the yarns, 

 the spinner got tired of it. He entered an action at the Manchester 

 Assizes againt the broker to recover the loss he had incurred in spinning 

 the faulty yarn. The counsel for the broker contended that he had 

 sent a particular grade of " Bourbon " cotton for the firm's consideration, 

 and they had accepted it at the price laid down. Against this the 

 spinner's counsel contended that the broker had made a mistake in his 

 classification, and instead of sending a certain marked grade of Brown 

 Egyptian, he had sent on the "Bourbon" East Indian cotton. The 

 judge, after hearing the evidence on both sides, gave a verdict in favour 

 of the cotton broker. 



Adulteration. In a consignment of cotton it is sometimes found 

 that certain layers of a poorer quality are present in the bales, and 

 that a quantity of seed cotton that has escaped the process of cleaning 

 in the gin has been fraudulently put into the bale. In other cases 

 some bales have become musty owing to the cotton having been 

 packed in too damp a state, or by having water purposely poured 

 into the cotton, during the operation of packing, in order to increase 

 the weight of the bale. Cotton that is water-packed is liable to foster 

 the growth of mildew, and this is probably the cause of the musty 

 scent that sometimes emanates from such water-packed bales. 



Adulteration of another kind is "sanded cotton," in which bales are 

 increased in weight owing to the amount of sand that is present in the 

 bales, thus increasing the amount of the dead weight. 



Impurities. The impurities present in cotton consist of seeds and 

 portions of seeds that have been allowed to escape in the ginning 

 process. Other impurities are the tough veins and portions of 

 membrane of the leaves and bracts; also sand and soil. Most of 

 these are generally got rid of in the preparatory processes of cotton 

 spinning. If not so removed they deteriorate the selling price of the 

 yarns. 



