WOOL. 213 



is used, and were it not for fancy cloths we should speedily come to an 

 absolute deadlock." 



Mungo is made up of felted pieces of cloths, clippings of coats, 

 trousers, and disused hat brims, the fibres of which have been mixed 

 with other felting wools and made into a cloth. When mungo is made 

 up of pieces of cloth from good felting wools such as those known as 

 " Port Phillip," -there is more staple in the fibres though they are short, 

 and a much better material is obtained. 



Batley and Dewsbury have become the chief seats of the waste 

 woollen trade, and a large business is -done in utilising the shortest of 

 fibres for the cheaper classes of goods. 



Stioddy. This is the product of the short fibres obtained from 

 the rags of old stockings, woollen fabrics, flannels, stuffs, or any 

 materials containing wool. These are known in the trade as "softs." 

 Both shoddy and mungo yarns are used as a backing for some of the 

 better woollen garments. 



The history of the shoddy trade dates back to 1813, and the first 

 districts to adopt it were Batley and Dewsbury in Yorkshire. Its most 

 rapid and chief development was reached in the sixties about the time 

 of the Lancashire cotton panic, during which many woollen waste 

 spinners came from Yorkshire into Lancashire and offered woollen 

 flocks in exchange for those of cotton. This was probably induced by 

 the fact that Orleans cotton was selling at 2s. 6d. to 2s. 9d. per lb., 

 owing to the American blockade of that time. 



Aoudad (Ammotragus tragelephas). This is a peculiar sheep-like 

 animal, a native of the mountainous parts of North Africa, Abyssinia, 

 and Barbary. Specimens of this animal are kept in the zoological 

 collections at Belle Vue, Manchester, and other centres. The horns are 

 spirally twisted and transversely indented. It has a peculiar goat-like 

 appearance, and a long flowing mane of hairs which hangs down the front 

 of the neck and legs. 



Argali or Ammon (Oois ammon). This is the Argali or wild sheep 

 of Central Asia and America. It inhabits the mountainous districts in 

 summer and the valleys in winter. As a fur or wool-bearing animal, 

 Professor Low says : " It has a fur of short hair, covering a coat of soft 

 white wool. The colour of the fur externally is brown, becoming 

 brownish-grey in winter. There is a burl-coloured streak along the back, 

 and a large spot of a lighter buff colour on the haunch, surrounding and 

 including the tail." 



Alpaca (Auchenia alpaca). The downy undercovering of the Cash- 

 mere goat furnishes the hairs or fibres that are used for the spinning of 

 the yarn that is woven into alpaca cloth. 



