58 Dynamic Theory. 



by diverse nations and tribes, are all derived from some common ances- 

 tral tongue. And all admit that that ancient tongue was very different 

 from any of its surviving descendants as different as they are from 

 one another. 



Language in its changes keeps pace with and is an indication of 

 changes going on in the race that uses it. So, adopting precisely the 

 same sort of logic, and with an equally positive assurance, the natural- 

 ist asserts that a tribe, in form something between a water newt and an 

 ornithorhynchus, and bearing its embryonic young in a more or less per- 

 fectly developed amnion sac, existed about the beginning of the second- 

 ary geological epoch, and from it all the tribes of reptiles, birds -and 

 mammals have since descended. 



Table Fis a general famil} T tree of the whole Animal Kingdom. There 

 are two grand divisions the Protozoa, which propagate by fission and 

 never have eggs, and the Metazoa, which always have eggs. Another 

 notable point here is that the worm tribe is common parent to the high- 

 est four great tribes or sub-kingdoms, the echinodermata, articulata, 

 molluska and vertebrata. 



Table VI is a like pedigree of the Vertebrata, beginning with the 

 worms. 



Table VII is the pedigree of Mammals, beginning with the monotrema. 



Table F///is the pedigree of the Ape tribes, beginning with the semi- 

 apes (lemurs, &c. ) and ending with Man. Man is not derived from any 

 ape tribe now in existence, but from some ancient family of Asiatic 

 apes which happened to enjoy a condition of life more favorable for ad- 

 vancement than that possessed by the rest. This family or tribe has 

 received the title of Alalus or the speechless, which, T take it, is an ex- 

 tremely inappropriate name. I cannot imagine anything which would 

 give a tribe or famity more certain and permanent advantage over an- 

 other one than a better ability b} T means of language to organize and " 

 combine for common and understood purposes. Most animals have a 

 way of expressing general ideas to each other, and to that extent have a 

 language. Many of the apes of the present day have very fair ability 

 in that direction, and I have no doubt that the most distinguished ad- 

 vantage of the tribe of man-like apes that set up to be ape-like men and 

 start the human race, was a better gift of language. This ancestor, 

 then, should be called Eulalos, "good talker," instead of Alalus. His 

 descendants to-day would be little better off than their cousins the gib- 

 bons, if they had no better. language than they. Of course this "good 

 talker" was good only by comparison with his own times, not ours. 



In Table AY we have the four general stages of organ development 

 from the original form in which each organ first occurs in the animal 

 body, and its subsequent general modifications. Thus the skin system 



