244 Dynamic Theory. 



tcvia, largo and small, Vibriones and Lcptothrix filaments, Vibrioncs 

 and Spirillum, and sometimes Torulse. The conditions must vary 

 somewhat to develop the different organisms, the variation of tempera- 



FIG. 1 05. 



FIG. 105. -Development of Torulse ( Saccharomyces) found in Cider. 

 Fig. illustrates the irregular mode of growth and self division of the fungus in this ele- 

 ment and the casting off of conidiaor spores. (Compare with Figs. 98, 99, &e.) (Pouchet.) 



ture alone being often all that is required. However, it has been ob- 

 served "that Torulse are most apt to present themselves in slightly acid 

 solutions. Again, whilst the most putrescible solutions almost invari- 

 ably yield Bacteria, the same fluids, after their fermentability has been 

 impaired by the influence of heat, may engender nothing but Torulse. " 

 In most solutions these may be planted and produce their kind. Bas- 

 tian thinks they both sometimes originate in the same fluid. He and 

 M. Trecul agree that Torulse in cider will form mycelium and conidia. 

 He claims that "representatives of various kinds of simpler fungi 

 are produced from different Torulae with the greatest ease. Through- 

 out all the stages of their development there is merely a modified repeti- 

 tion of the simple processes which are ever taking place amongst Bac- 

 teria and Torulse during their more familiar discontinuous growth." 1 

 Chiefly on account of the extraordinary and uncertain "sporting" of 

 these low organisms, naturalists are often puzzled in regard to their 

 classification. For example, finding a plant exhibiting a quality sup- 

 posed to be peculiar to some particular species, it is labeled accordingly. 

 Another observer finding the same plant in another phase of its possible 

 metamorphoses, will assign it to a different classification. Further in- 

 vestigation showing an identical plant, under different aspects, the two 

 distinctive names are supplemented by a third, which is intended to su- 

 persede and abolish the others, but -which may end by simply adding 

 to the confusion and contributing to the general perplexity. 



1 By "discontinuous" he means broken by reproductive processes as distinguished 

 from the formation of a crystal which is "continuous," and does not naturally periodi- 

 cally break up to begin again. He calls the first a dynamical and the last a statical 

 condition. 



