Functions of the Cerebrum. 643 



Again, combativeness is said to be the organ of ' ' resistance, defence. " 

 It is as impossible that there should be such an organ, as that there 

 should be an organ of strength. Men resist some things, and succumb 

 more or less easily to others. The strength of resistance depends upon 

 various conditions ; one is the hopefulness of success. Men will seldom 

 fight when they are convinced that they will be defeated. This includes 

 a knowledge of their own strength, and an estimate of the probable 

 force they are required to overcome. So that the question of resistance 

 in any given case depends upon action of a varied and complicated kind, 

 involving a considerable number of intellectual faculties. A man who, 

 in the presence of the timid and helpless, is an arrogant bully and ty- 

 rant, is liable in a different and more robust presence to subside into an 

 arrant poltroon. 



Destructiveness, too, is based upon conditions. A hungry lion will 

 invade a flock of sheep, and taking one for his dinner will slay and eat 

 it. But he will not wantonly kill the rest just because he has large 

 "destructiveness." The most timid man or woman would act in the 

 same way. The motive for killing being the same in the two cases, its 

 execution will depend upon the ability, in muscular force or cunning, of 

 the individual, and unless the motive of hunger and the ability reside 

 in the organ of destructiveness, that organ can be no indication of what 

 sort of action will result. 



An analysis of the so-called mental functions easily shows them to be 

 composite, and they are all remotely or directly dependent upon physi- 

 cal conditions. Conjugal love, or a desire for a life union, evidently 

 depends upon several conditional and supporting propensities, as ama- 

 tiveness, philoprogenitiveness, inhabitiveness and friendship. If there 

 are four independent functions such as these, conjugal love and marriage 

 will necessarily follow, whether there be an organ of conjugal love or not. 



Secretiveness or slyness arises only in the case of animals whose weak- 

 ness requires them to steal that which they are unable to take by force, 

 or whose slowness prevents them from overtaking their prey in an open 

 race. Grazing animals are not sly because their food never tries to es- 

 cape them. Cautiousness is a quality akin to secretiveness. It is de- 

 veloped in any animals exposed to danger. Plainly, natural selection 

 must have always operated to eliminate the fool-hardy and the too ven- 

 turesome, and thus to preserve the cautious and wary. 



The faculty of color depends upon the development of the retina 

 with its rods and cones, and there can be no such faculty in the absence 

 of a perfect external organ of color. So tune depends upon the per- 

 fection of the ear, the external organ of sound. Phrenology locates 

 the organ of form bet worn the eyes, the distance of the eyes from each 

 other indicating the strength of the faculty. Some writers who oppose 



