954 Dynamic Theory. 



totally distinct from each other, but each was complete and continuous, 

 considered by itself. If all the periods between his abnormal naps had 

 been numbered continuously, his first state would be represented by the 

 odd numbers and the second state by the even ones; like the two sides 

 of a street which has all the odd numbers on the left and the even ones 

 on the right. Once Dr. Brown-Sequard was present when he experi- 

 enced one of his transfers to his second state. His first person was 

 well acquainted with the doctor, but when his second person woke up, he 

 asked his mother to introduce him to the strange gentleman. After 

 this introduction both persons knew the doctor, but neither ever remem- 

 bered any incident that happened to the other. Dr. Brown-Sequard 

 says he has seen three other cases of that kind and infers they ' { cannot 

 be extremely rare. " 



Another case of double personality is reported from Paris, a law} T er 

 named Emile X. He probably inherited a defective nervous organiza- 

 tion, his father being eccentric and dissipated, and his mother a nervous 

 invalid. He received a good education and was admitted to the bar. 

 " He is affected with serious hysteria, which manifests itself in him by 

 unconsciousness, disturbance of sensibility, and temporary paralysis of 

 limbs. If he only looks fixedly at anything, or hears a sudden violent 

 noise, or experiences any strong and sudden emotion, he falls into a 

 hypnotic sleep. One day, at a cafe, looking at a mirror he fell into 

 this condition." Another time when pleading in a law court, and look- 

 ing fixedly at the judge, he fell into a trance and had to be roused be- 

 fore he could proceed. When he gets into these second states he re- 

 members other events that happened at other times in these states, but 

 sometimes nothing of his experiences in the first state and vice versa. 

 His second state appears to be a more lawless and irresponsible condi- 

 tion than the first, and in it he performs eccentric and wayward actions and 

 gets into scrapes. He travels off to distant places, pays visits, gambles, 

 &c. Once he visited an uncle living near Villars, and there he broke 

 ' ' many things, tore up books, and manuscripts, contracted a debt of 

 500 francs, and was charged with swindling," and condemned by de- 

 fault. Once on one of his trips, he left his overcoat and a purse con- 

 taining 226 francs, and on returning home and being then in his first 

 state, he could not remember what he had done with them, but upon 

 being mesmerized or hypnotized he was able to tell where he had left 

 them. The periods he passed in the second condition vary in duration 

 from a few minutes to several days, sometimes twenty. His second 

 state appears to be a hypnotic state, and it is probable that it varies in 

 profoundness, sometimes cutting off more of his normal memories than 

 at others, so that while in his normal state he remembers nothing done 

 in the abnormal, yet probably in the latter he retains some memories 



