9 



Nyasa," though it is met with in the north-western corner of Rhodesia. 

 It likewise exists in the islands of Fernando Po (Spanish) and Principe 

 (Portuguese), in the Gulf of Guinea. 



Several races or varieties of G. palpalis, differing but slightly from 

 the typical form, are known : Glossina palpalis var. wellmani, Austen, 

 is " distinguishable from typical G. palpalis, Rob.-Desv., by a peculiar 

 reduction in the markings of the dorsum of the thorax " (Austen). 

 These differences are merely superficial, for G. palpalis wellmani is 

 met with in various localities, in company with the typical form, 

 and in an extensive series of specimens all intermediate forms may 

 be found. 



Glossina fuscipes, Newstead, at first regarded as a distinct species, 

 is in reality like the variety wellmani, Austen, nothing more than a 

 race of G. palpalis, and is in fact the eastern representative of the 

 typical form. In his classification of 1911 Austen admitted it as a 

 species whose claim to recognition rested on a solitary specimen 

 " taken by Dr. Shircore at Nimule, Nile Province, Uganda." Since 

 that time, in view of the fact that all the specimens of G. palpalis 

 collected in Uganda exhibit the characters attributed to G. fuscipes, 

 it has been concluded that the insects in question represent not a 

 species but a race, presenting no outward differences from the typical 

 form, and distinguishable only by means of minor divergences in the 

 shape of the male genital appendages. 1 



It is stated by Dr. J. W. Scott Macfie (94) that by far the most 

 abundant Glossina in the Ilorin Province of Northern Nigeria " differs 

 markedly," as regards external characters, from all known Tsetse- 

 flies, but has nevertheless been identified as G. palpalis, Rob.-Desv., 

 by both Newstead and Austen. The insect referred to is a small 

 Glossina, " with abdominal markings practically identical with those 

 of G. tachinoides," the only difference being that the ochraceous-buff 

 or buff coloration of the pale areas " is replaced by a very characteristic 

 grey-blue tint." Dr. Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of 

 Entomology, after examining specimens of this fly, was also of the 

 opinion that there is no specific difference between it and typical 

 G. palpalis, the male genitalia being " practically inseparable." Dr. 

 Scott Macfie, who gave an excellent coloured illustration of this small 

 variety, collected examples of it in all parts of the Ilorin Province, 

 where it was often found associated with typical G. palpalis and with 

 G. tachinoides. It rarely happened that typical G. palpalis alone was 

 met with. In 1918 Dr. J. J. Simpson (144), who first met with this 

 variety "in the upper reaches of the River Gambia," in 1911, and 

 subsequently found " large numbers " of it at Yapi, in the Northern 

 Territories of the Gold Coast, where there were " very few typical 

 G. palpalis," proposed for it the name G. palpalis var. pallida. 



On the other hand, according to Dr. Roubaud, there are several well- 

 differentiated forms of G. palpalis. The flies of this species found in 

 the damp forest regions of French West Africa (Gaboon, Middle Congo, 

 Lower Ivory Coast) are usually of large size and dark in colour, certain 

 forms on the Lower Sangha being almost black and exhibiting marked 

 differences in the male genitalia. The western forms of G. palpalis 

 occurring in the vicinity of French Sudan are usually smaller and paler, 



1 According to Dr. R. E. McConnell (92) all Tsetse-flies regarded as typical 

 G. palpalis to the east of the watershed between the great lakes and the basin 

 of the Nile on the one hand, and the Congo fluvial system on the other, are in reality 

 G. palpalis var. fuscipes, Newst. 



