55 



to be found in the actual palpalis zone, predominates in the bush 

 bounding the forest on the outer side. 



" In Central Dahomey, where, according to Roubaud, the sexes show 

 a well-marked separation or localisation, G. longipalpis occurs in the 

 vicinity of streams and large rivers. ' The males are found only in 

 the clumps of brushwood along the inner edge of the forest belt near 

 streams ; the females are to be met with in open clearings where 

 there are acacias and mimosas/ Roubaud states that in Dahomey 

 G. longipalpis is abundant during the rains, but seems to disappear 

 almost completely in the dry season, especially after the bush is burnt ; 

 its habitat is more restricted than that of either G. tachinoides or 

 G. palpalis, both of which are also found in the same district, and it 

 mingles with its congeners less than does either of the two species 

 mentioned. 



" In the Western Province of Ashanti, according to Kinghorn, 

 G. longipalpis ' is essentially an open country fly and is not found in 

 the forest belt/ ' The same fact is expressed in somewhat different 

 terms by Dr. J. J. Simpson, who, writing of the Gold Coast in 1914, 

 says that G. longipalpis "is found in the denser parts of the savannah 

 forest, and so far has not been seen south or west of the line dividing 

 the monsoon forest from the savannah, while it occurs along the coast 

 in the savannah forest area." 



In a recently published memoir (1230), Roubaud states that, in 

 French West Africa, the habitat of G. longipalpis is " closely and 

 necessarily " connected with watercourses. " One meets with this 

 fly/' he continues, " in or on the margin of bush which, though of little 

 density, is always green and damp, forming, as it were, the outer edge 

 of the strips of forest, bordering the savannah. Without absolutely 

 entering the edging of forest fringing the stream itself, this species 

 scarcely forsakes it, remaining always in proximity to the permanently 

 moist zone." 



Glossina fusca, Walk. " Dr. A. Kinghorn, who has observed G. fusca 

 in Ashanti, states that as regards its habitat this species resembles 

 G. longipalpis much more closely than G. palpalis. ' It was usually 

 found just at the fringe of patches of bush, and it was rare to catch 

 more than one specimen, or at most a couple. It feeds not uncommonly 

 at night, and may be met with in dull or rainy weather ' " (Austen). 



The similarity of G. fusca to G. longipalpis in habitat was also 

 noticed by Dr. J. J. Simpson (142 in), who, writing with reference to 

 Southern Nigeria, remarks : " The distribution of G. fusca is almost 

 coterminous with that of G. longipalpis and its habitats are similar. 

 It favours dense vegetation and a moderately moist climate." In a 

 subsequent paper Simpson says : " Glossina fusca . . . . is to 

 be found in Sierra Leone in the regions of densest forest growth ; in 

 fact .... the delimitation of the forests is at the same time a 

 delimitation of the areas where Glossina fusca occurs." 



This opinion is confirmed by Dr. S. A. Neave (103), who met with 

 G. fusca " on the western boundaries of Uganda," and writes : 

 " From a limited experience of this insect it would appear to be 

 essentially a dense forest, rather than a riverine, species, and evidently 

 delights in very deep shade. Though occurring in many places with 

 Glossina palpalis, the distribution of the two species is by no means 

 coincident, since G. fusca seems to be able to exist at considerably 

 greater elevations and in much cooler localities. In Uganda the 

 limit for this species seems to be about 4,500 ft., as compared with 

 rather under 4,000 ft. for G. palpalis in the same region. It is of course 



