92 



Lamborn's statements as regards G. morsitans and baboons are 

 endorsed by Swynnerton (145), who remarks with reference to Tsetse- 

 flies and the smaller mammals in North Mossurise, Portuguese East 

 Africa : " The natives of the morsitans area were unanimous in their 

 statement that tsetses feed freely on baboons, and that ' wherever 

 you find baboons you will also find fly.' They gave me many instances. 

 in which baboons driven from their gardens had left numerous replete 

 flies behind, and others in which flies were attracted in numbers to 

 baboons that were killed. Simpson's similar personal observations and 

 native statements on the Gambia and Gold Coast will be recalled, as 

 will Lamborn's indirect evidence. Monkeys ( Cercopithecus pygerythrus,. 

 which lives in lower bush than C. albogularis beirensis and raids natives' 

 gardens) were stated more rarely to have done the same, and an 

 important statement if true it was stated that replete tsetses were 

 occasionally found where cane-rats (abundant in much of this country 

 and very largely diurnal) had been many together." 



On the subject of pigs as an important source of food-supply for 

 Tsetse-flies, Swynnerton writes in the same paper: "Pigs were as 

 universally incriminated as baboons, and here I obtained a quite 

 excellent instance myself. In the ' Oblong ' (east end) in cloudy 

 weather we walked right on to four bush-pigs sleeping. In their hasty 

 rush they left the flies behind, and these streamed after them in great 

 numbers and with quite a hum. We captured nearly 20 that through 

 repletion could scarcely fly ; all but one were brevipalpis, the exception 

 being a pallidipes, and more than half were females. Austen records 

 both morsitans and brevipalpis as feeding freely on wild pigs, and 

 quotes Dr. Hearsey's statement that G. morsitans was seen to settle 

 literally in hundreds on the carcase of a wart-hog, behind which animal 

 I also took these flies. 



" My indirect evidence of the value of such animals as pigs to the fly 

 was also interesting. In a mile-wide patch of primary forest east of 

 the Sitatongas, in which I saw much brevipalpis, both native information 

 and a careful search for spoor showed that it could have been feeding 

 on nothing but pigs, baboons and smaller fry. The same applies to a 

 piece of high, dense, secondary forest on the western foot of the hills, 

 into which, according to the owner of a kraal on the spot (confirmed by 

 the usual search for spoor), no big game had entered for some months. 

 It also applied, I am certain, to much of the rubber forest area, in which 

 pigs and little blue duikers and these only are abundant . . . 



" Finally, working for over a fortnight round my camp on the Buzi 

 east of Spungabera, in an area in which game is relatively abundant, I 

 made a special, point of studying the daily spoor in relation to the 

 distribution of G. brevipalpis. To sum up the result, there was a 

 considerable area that I am certain was not entered by big game during 

 my stay, or for some days before it. There was a smaller, inner area, 

 immediately round certain kraals, that had probably not been visited 

 by such animals for many weeks or months. In general the spoor 

 showed much less movement of the big game now than in the wet 

 season, yet the fly was equally present throughout, lurking in all the 

 thickets to attack passing animals. 



" The only ' passing animal ' that showed a similar ubiquity was the 

 bush-pig, and I was convinced from the evidence that the fly was 

 living practically entirely on bush-pigs at the time of my visit. Man 

 was not being attacked. My friend Mr. G. D. Otterson spent a few 

 days with me here, and declared on leaving that the evidence of the 



