132 



or introduction into a given region of insect enemies of certain noxious 

 insects. 1 



With the object of further emphasising this matter, we feel that we 

 cannot do better than to reproduce some valuable and highly suggestive 

 remarks extracted from a recent paper by Dr. W. A. Lamborn (85), 

 who has done so much in Nyasaland to increase our knowledge of the 

 parasites of Glossina pupae. Under the heading Suggestions in regard 

 to Tsetse Control, Dr. Lamborn writes : " One of the most pressing 

 entomological problems at the present day in the British Empire 

 is that of the control of the various species of tsetse-flies. As shown 

 by a number of workers, the parasites destructive to their puparia 

 are not few, at all events in the case of G. morsitans, and in some 

 areas these parasites are known to exert a considerable influence in 

 reducing the numbers of the fly. But, generally speaking, no very 

 material reduction, from the point of view of man, would seem to be 

 effected by these agencies, though at this early stage of research in 



Fig. 17. Mutilla auxiliaris, Turner, $ <$ parasitic in the larval stage in pupae 

 of Glossina morsitans in Portuguese East Afiica. (After Turner, 151.) 



regard to the fly it may perhaps be premature to make any unqualified 

 statement as to their control value. Instances have been recorded 

 where the tsetse-fly in a district has unaccountably diminished without 

 there being any marked diminution in the numbers of the game animals 

 therein. Major E. E. Austen in his ' Handbook of the Tsetse-flies ' 

 (1911, p. 65) mentions the disappearance of G. morsitans from the 

 Victoria Falls, where at one time it abounded. The late Captain F. C. 

 Selous, in his book ' African Nature Notes/ speaks of the disappear- 

 ance of the flies at the same time with buffalos from the valley of the 

 central Limpopo and its tributaries, where other game kudu, zebra, 

 wildebeeste, hartebeeste, impala and bushbuck continued to exist in 

 considerable numbers, and he suggests that the flies died out because 

 they were unable to maintain themselves on game other than buffalos. 



1 In the United States the process of introducing parasites of destructive 

 insects has been carried on for years past by the Bureau of Entomology of the 

 Department of Agriculture, under the direction of the well-known entomologist, 

 Dr. L. O. Howard, and the results obtained are most interesting. In particular, 

 Dr. Howard has succeeded in establishing in the country a certain number of 

 parasites of the eggs, larvae and chrysalises of the Gipsy Moth and the Brown-tail 

 Moth, as also a predacious beetle, Calosoma sycophanta, L. 



