1 8 Sources of Materials. 



that these are found in sea or lake beds but 

 not on the land. Our stone quarries are on 

 the land, and this brings us to our next in- 

 quiry, are sea beds ever elevated into dry 

 land? 



Nineteen hundred years ago, Julius 

 Caesar, at the head of the Roman army, in- 

 vaded the country of the ancient Britons. 

 Supplies for his army were brought from 

 Italy in ships, and Caesar had a stone wharf 

 or pier built in a sheltered bay of the Scottish 

 coast for convenience in discharging cargo. 

 The ruins of this pier are still visible, but they 

 are so high above the water that it would re- 

 quire a change of level of over sixty feet to 

 enable a Roman galley to reach the spot to- 

 day. Here is plain evidence that since the 

 days of Caesar the coast of Scotland has risen 

 from the sea over sixty feet in nineteen hun- 

 dred years. 



A careful series of measurements con- 

 ducted under the direction of the Swedish 

 government has established the fact that 

 nearly the whole of Norway and Sweden is 



