132 Veterinarv Obstetrics 



able that such untraced cases are due to infection of some char- 

 acter passing through the vas deferens into the testicle, as sug- 

 gested by Zschokke. This may be favored by excessive coition 

 or by an}' debilitating influences. 



In other cases, the disease is directly traceable to an infectious 

 malady. In the stallion, we meet, not infrequently, with stran- 

 gles abccsses in the testicle or about it. In these, the ordinary 

 symptoms of strangles are usually present in other portions of 

 the body, such as intermaxillary abcesses, with the other general 

 symptoms. In the contagious cellulitis, or pink eye, as we have 

 already stated on page 68, orchitis is the rule. Orchitis in the 

 stallion has been recorded also as result of glanders. 



In the bull, orchitis occurs as a result of tuberculosis. Zschokke 

 (Unfruchtbarkeit des Rindes) records tuberculous orchitis as the 

 most common form of inflammation of the testicle in the bull, and 

 has ob-served it both uni- and bilateral. It a.ssumes a chronic 

 course. The tubercular nodules are generally dis.seminated 

 throughout the glandular tissue and may extend to the tunica 

 albugiuea and to the .serous membrane. The tubercles present 

 their usual characters, with an increased amount of connective 

 tissue and greater density of the organ. If the nodules are super- 

 ficial, there are adhesions between the two serous coverings. 

 Tubercular deposits may also exist in the epididymis and 

 spermatic cord. 



The clinical diagnosis of the tuburcular orchitis must chiefly 

 rest upon the enlargement and hardening of the testicle, its adhe- 

 sions, thickening of the spermatic cord and tumefaction of the 

 inguinal glands. Other symptoms of tuberculosis are usually pre- 

 sent and the diagnosis may be verified by the tuberculin test. 



While the sound areas of tuberculous -testicles may generate 

 normal spermatozoa, it should be remembered that the .semen 

 emanating from such a testicle will, probably, also carry tubercle 

 bacilli, and thus be capable of directly tran.smitting the di.sease 

 from the bull to the cow. 



Ehrhardt (Schweizer-Archiv fur Tierheilkunde, Vol. 38, p. 

 79) records a case of orchitis in a bull due to the vesicular vene- 

 real disease of cattle. 



Wallruff ( Reperotorium, 1846, p. 206) records an epizootic of 

 inflammation of the testicles in horses, cattle and goats, accom- 

 panied by the formation of ab.scesses. Others record inflamma- 



