988 Veterinary Obstetrics 



calculi are generally movable, at least during their early stages 

 or until they accidently become incarcerated in the teat canal. 



Sometimes milk stones may be forced out through the teat 

 canal without injury, but if too large for this to be accomplished, 

 it is advisable to remove them by means of an incision through 

 the walls of the gland, after which the wound should be 

 carefully closed immediately. 



1 8. Pendulous Udder. 



The mamnice of the cow, ewe and goat frequently become very 

 pendulous, and hang down almost or quite to the ground. Such 

 an udder is in constant danger of injury from being struck by 

 the hind legs during locomotion, especially when the animal is 

 forced to run. It may also come in violent contact with ob- 

 stacles of various kinds in a manner to cause wounds, to be 

 followed by infection. 



Sometimes a pendulous udder apparently results from a gradual 

 yielding of the suspensory apparatus of a comparatively normal 

 gland. Once the gland drops away from the abdomen for a short 

 distance, its weight tends to cause it to drop lower until the 

 pendulousness becomes extreme. In other cases the pendulous- 

 ness is attributable to mammitis, followed by induration and 

 enlargement, the increased weight overcoming the power of the 

 suspensory apparatus and causing the gland to drop down 

 away from the abdomen. 



We have no successful method for overcoming the pendulous 

 udder. An ordinary animal so affected should be fitted for the 

 butcher. In a pedigreed cow having a very high value as a breeder, 

 if the udder is much enlarged and indurated, is so pendulous as 

 to constitute a constant and serious impediment to locomotion, or 

 menace the health or life of the animal on account of repeated 

 infections from injuries, the pendulous organ should be 

 amputated according to the technic already suggested on page 963. 



19. Dermatitis of the Udder. 



Inflammation of the skin of the udder is said to be caused at 

 times from exposure to the rays of the sun in hot weather. The 

 effect is referable, according to Vidmark, to the action of the 

 ultra-violet rays upon the non-pigmented skin, which leads to 

 dermatitis and mummification. 



