Tongue- Tie. Hernia of the Brain. Odontomes 1069 



of 7 years. In man even a greater age is sometimes attained, 

 though as a general rule the patient succumbs at a comparatively- 

 early date, except recovery ensues. 



9. ToNGUE-TlE. 



Veterinarians have recorded a few instances of tongue-tie, or 

 decreased mobility of the tongue, due to a too restricted /r^w?^?^ 

 linguce. According to Tyvaert, who has observed a number 

 of calves so affected, the defect prevents the prehension and swal- 

 lowing of food. The animal cannot well drink milk from a pail, 

 or readily grasp the teat to suck, and consequently tends to die 

 of starvation. 



Examination of the tongue reveals the nature of the anamoly. 

 The handling of it is very simple, and consists merely in dividing 

 the fraenum linguae to a sufficient degree to permit of free move- 

 ments of the tongue. 



10. Hernia Cerebri. Hernia of the Brain. 



Serious defects in the development of the brain usually lead to 

 the death of the fetus immediately upon birth. We have made 

 some interesting observations, where hernia of the cerebrum be- 

 came hereditary in a family of swine bred upon one farm. The 

 female line had been maintained unbroken for generations, while 

 the boar used for breeding purposes had been regularly changed, 

 and new blood introduced. Year after year, however, there oc- 

 curred, with ever increasing frequency, new-born pigs showing a 

 tumor in the frontal region, which was sometimes covered over 

 with skin, and at other times showed a naked epithelial covering. 

 In some litters of pigs the defect was apparent in more than 50%. 

 Some of the pigs died after a few days, under sj'mptoms of 

 epilepsy, while others slowly recovered and the tumor disap- 

 peared. The appearance of the hernia is shown in Fig. 32, 

 on page 294. The defective family of swine was finally sold to 

 the butcher, in order to avoid the recurring losses from the 

 difficulty. 



II. Odontomes. 



In tracing the development of the teeth, on page 311, we sug- 

 gested that during the embryonic period the dental follicles 



