1090 Veteri7iary Obstetrics 



Herd 4. This small herd consisted originally of grade cows, 

 to which were added, by purchase, a few months prior to our ob- 

 servations, 3 pedigreed Guernsey heifers and i pedigreed Guern- 

 sey bull calf. We were asked to examine two of the three 

 Guernsey heifers because of sterility. The three heifers and the 

 bull, as well as the other cows and calves on the premises, were 

 well kept, in good flesh and vigorous general health. In spite 

 of repeated breeding, only one of the three heifers had become 

 pregnant. 



Inspection showed all three Guernsey heifers affected with 

 granular venereal disease (100^ ), while of the 6 original grade 

 cows, 3 or 50% were affected. 2 heifer calves kept in another 

 stable were healthy. In the herd of 9 females of breeding age, 

 3 animals, or 33%, were sterile, one of the original stock having 

 become sterile since the introduction of the Guernsey heifers. 

 Abortion has not existed in the herd. Of the total of 1 1 females 

 in this herd, 6 or 54% are affected. The history and condi- 

 tions in this herd suggest that it was free from the malady until 

 introduced by the purchase of the pedigreed heifers. 



Herd 5. A herd of 10 females, attended by my colleague, 

 Dr. J. N. Frost, In.structor in Surgery, because of sterility in 2 

 heifers. Of the 10 cows and heifers, 8, or 10%, were affected. 

 The herd had suffered severely from abortion for several years. 

 The two apparently well cows were adults. They have at no 

 time suffered from abortion or sterility. The two sterile heifers, 

 20% of the herd, were badly affected ; and each had cystic ovaries, 

 which were crushed. 



Herd 6. A milk dairy consisting of 40 cows and 6 heifers. 

 No herd records are kept, so that losses from abortion or sterility 

 can only be estimated. In 1906, about 20% aborted ; in 1907 

 about 15% ; and in 1908 about 10%. The degree of sterility 

 could not be determined. The cows are mostly grades, and 

 whenever sterility threatened, and the cow was at all fit for 

 slaughter, she was sent to the butcher. Inspection showed 44, 

 or 96%, affected ; and 2, or 4%, apparently well. The cows and 

 heifers of breeding age were all affected. The sound animals 

 were yearling heifers which had not been bred. The lesions were 

 very moderate in intensity. One heifer had aborted in the sum- 

 mer of 1908, was bred, and aborted in April, 1909. The abortion 

 was followed by retained placenta. 



