98 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 



There were also lij tenants without houses, holding from i to 

 30 acres ; the demesne was 230 acres ; there were two glebes 

 containing 84 acres, and town lands of 7 acres. The waste 

 amounted to 350 acres, which by 1599 had all disappeared. 



On this manor the houses were not collected together in 

 a village as usual in most parts of England, but scattered 

 about the estate. In two other manors the amount of waste 

 remaining at this period was very small, but in three others 

 little had been ' approved ' and much consequently remained ; 

 most of the ' approvements *, where made, seem to have been 

 of long standing, and all the enclosures made were for 

 tillage, not for grass as we should expect. The 350 acres of 

 waste that remained at Horstead in 1586-8 was enclosed in 

 1599 by agreement between the lords of the manor and the 

 tenants on the following terms : — 



1. Lords to take 80 acres in severalty. 



2. Lords to reserve all rights to treasure trove, minerals, 



waifs, &c., with right of entry to take the same. 



3. All rights of pasture, shack, and foldage were to be 



extinguished on all lands in the village. 



4. The tenants were to pay an annual quit rent of £'] 14s. ^d. 



for their shares of the common. 



Before a man enclosed he consolidated his holding by ex- 

 change, so as to bring it into a compact parcel instead 

 of scattered strips, a very lengthy process ; then he ploughed 

 up the bounds between the strips; after which he changed 

 i the direction of the ploughing, ploughing the land crossways, 

 I a very necessary change, as it had all been ploughed length- 



