154 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 



used on grass land to cut out the sides of trenches or drains, 

 with a long handle and beam and with a coulter or knife 

 fixed in it and sometimes a wheel or wheels. The following 

 is a list of other implements then considered necessary for 

 a farm. 



For the field. 



Harrows Mole spear Beetles 



Forks Mole traps Roller 



Sickles Weedhooks Cradle scythe 



Reaphooks Pitchforks Seedlip.^ 



Sledds Rakes 



For the barn and stable. 



Flails 



Winnowing fan 



Sieves 



Sacks 



Bins 



Curry combs 



Whips 



Harness 



Pannels (pillions) 

 Pack-saddles 

 Cart lines 

 Ladders 

 Corn measures 

 Brooms 

 Skeps (baskets) 



Pails 



Mane combs 



Goads 



Yokes 



Wanteyes ^ 



Suffingles (surcingles?) 



Screens for corn. 



For the meadows and pastures. 



Scythes Pitchforks Cutting spade for hayrick 



Rakes Fetters and clogs Horse-locks. 



Besides many tools. 



A considerable variety of manures were in use, chalk, lime, 

 marl, fuller's earth, clay, sand, sea- weed, river- weed, oyster 

 shells, fish, dung, ashes, soot, salt, rags, hair, malt dust, bones, 

 horns, and the bark of trees. Of the oyster shells Worlidge 

 says, * I am credibly informed that an ingenious gentleman 

 living near the seaside laid on his lands great quantities, 

 which made his neighbours laugh at him (as usually they do 

 at anything besides their own clownish road or custom of 

 ignorance),' and after a year or two's exposure to the weather 



^ The seedlip was a long-shaped basket suspended from the sower's 

 shoulder and was usually made of wood. 

 ^ Horse-girths for securing pack-saddles. 



