MODERN FARM LIVE STOCK 343 



shade ; half a century ago the lighter ones were more 

 numerous than at present, and they are often of richer quality 

 though less hardy than the dark ones. 



The Sussex is larger and coarser than the Devon, of a deep 

 brown chestnut colour, very hardy, a beef-producing but not 

 a milk-yielding sort. 



Longhorns,* a generation ago nearly extinct, once the 

 favourite cattle of the midlands and portions of the north, 

 are descended from a breed long established in the Craven 

 district of Yorkshire. * The true Lancashire,' said Young in 

 1770, 'were Longhorns, and in Derbyshire were a bastard 

 sort of Lancashires.' ^ It was this breed that Bakewell im- 

 proved, and of late years great efforts, chiefly in Warwick- 

 shire and Leicestershire, have been made to revive it. 



The Red Polled, or Norfolk Polled, is the only hornless 

 breed of English cattle, and they are good milkers and 

 fatteners. 



The Lincoln Red is a small red variety of the Shorthorn. 



Many of the Welsh breeds have spread into the adjacent 

 parts of England, and may be classified as North and South 

 Welsh, or Angleseys and Castle Martins ; black in colour, 

 and generally with long horns. 



The Scottish cattle — the Aberdeen Angus, the Galloways, 

 the Highland breed, and the Ayrshires — are also seen in 

 England, but not so often as the Jerseys and Guernseys from 

 the Channel Islands, while the small Dexters and Kerrys 

 from Ireland are favourites with some English farmers. 



Sheep 



The sheep of the British Isles may be divided into three 

 main classes: — 



I. Longwools, containing Leicesters, Border Leicesters, 

 Cotswolds, Lincolns, Kentish, Devon Longwool, South 

 Devon, Wensleydale, and Roscommon. 



* See above, p. 275 n. ^ Northern Tour, ii. 126. 



