SEED AND SEEDLINGS ) 
wood is suitable for planting them. Care should be 
taken that the roots are not bent and doubled into a 
mass, and that the soil is pressed around with moderate 
firmness. . 
Shading from bright sunshine will be necessary in all 
the early stages, but it should not be kept on longer 
than is absolutely necessary if short-jointed, sturdy 
plants are desired. 
GYMNOGRAMME LEPTOPHYLLA : YOUNG PLANTS FROM SPORES. 
Efficient drainage of pots, pans, and boxes used for 
propagating is of primary importance to allow the free 
passage and escape of superfluous water, thus prevent- 
ing the compost from becoming water-logged, sour, 
and stagnant. The pots and crocks should be clean and 
dry when ready for use. Preference is given to pots 
that have been in use before, these being less absorbent 
than those fresh from the kiln. 
When propagating by seeds in the border or the open 
ground, it is much more economical, owing to the great 
