GRAFTING © 49 
A in the illustration at p. 48 shows the mode of 
tying the graft adopted with many fruit-trees, and B the 
work completed by the application of clay, which should 
be left in the shape shown and be carefully fitted to the 
stock and scion. This plan may be employed either for 
dwarf or for tall stocks. All grafts inserted outside 
should be protected and kept from moving by a stake, 
which should reach nearly or quite to the top, and have 
both stock and scion secured to it, to prevent the latter 
from becoming displaced (see illustration). 
Whip-, Splice-, or Tongue-Grafting. 
This is the best method, and the one generally and 
most extensively practised in this country. It is repre- 
sented here, where A shows the stock, B the scion, and 
C the two fitted together and tied. 
Whip-grafting is easily performed and is tolerably 
certain in its effects, provided the essential conditions 
be ensured and the work carefully executed. The stock 
should not be prepared until the graft is ready to be 
inserted, in order that the parts may be quite fresh. 
As will be seen from the illustration, A shows the 
stock ready for the reception of the graft. It will be 
seen that the stock is sawn or cut off level. Then an up- 
ward cut is made 2 inches or 3 inches in length; midway 
in this cut the knife is driven a little way downwards. 
The next process is to make a corresponding sloping 
cut downwards on the scion B; then make an upward 
incision as shown at d. If this is done neatly with a 
sharp knife and good judgment, the stock and scion will 
fit together exactly and be fairly firm, and the bark of 
each be in direct contact, as shown at C. When the 
exposed parts have been fitted as accurately as possible, 
4 
