BUDDING 65 
losses, young stocks of Apple, Pear, Plum, and other 
fruit-trees, about 18 inches high, are budded close down 
to the soil; only the point of the shoot is cut off when 
the bud is inserted, leaving a foot or so of the stock 
standing above the bud. When it is seen that the bud 
is commencing to grow, all the leaves are rubbed off 
the stock, and as the shoot from the bud grows it is 
trained and tied up to the stock, which is not cut away 
until the shoot has become thoroughly able to stand 
without any support. It may be added that thousands 
of fruit-trees have, in the past, thus been raised for 
Lord Beauchamp’s tenants, and it would be difficult to 
equal, or at any rate surpass, them anywhere as well- 
grown and prolific trees, thus proving the value of 
shield-budding as a means of propagating hardy fruit- 
trees of any sort. 
Square and Circular Shield-Budding consists in cutting 
out a piece of bark of either shape from the stock and 
inserting another piece of exactly the same size contain- 
ing a bud and covering with a bandage or piece of 
sticking-plaster all except the eye. This mode is seldom 
made use of. Inverted T, or Shield-Budding is preferred 
in the South of France for propagating Orange-trees, 
but is not otherwise much used. The only difference is 
that the transverse incision is made below instead of 
above the other, and the bud inserted upwards, making 
it fit with the bark at the point where the stock is cut 
across. 
Flute, or Tube-Budding. 
For some trees (see illustration) this is sometimes used, 
and answers well. A cylinder of bark is removed from 
the stock, and one of a similar size from the scion con- 
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