68 PLANT PROPAGATION 
and transplanted the next year in rows 2 feet or 3 feet 
apart and ro inches or 12 inches from plant to plant. 
The dwarfs are generally budded the second year and 
the standards the third or fourth. Dwarf trees are 
_budded from within a few inches of the ground to 
1 foot above ; standards and riders from 3 feet to 9 feet ; 
cordons, pytamids, etc., can hardly be budded too low. 
Rose-Budding. 
Propagation of Roses by budding is very extensively 
practised with both standard trees and dwarf plants. It 
is, perhaps, easier and more certain to succeed with 
these than with fruit-trees, but the mode adopted is 
precisely the same—that of the shield-shaped bud with 
the core or root and the bark attached. For standards 
the common briar of the Dog Rose is the best. The 
earlier these are obtained and planted in November the 
better, as roots are then formed at once.. For dwarf 
plants the Manetti stock is mostly used, being easily 
obtained and had in proper condition almost at any time 
when buds are ready. Plants on this stock do not 
succeed in all soils, and suckers are also very liable to 
be produced. Budding on the seedling briar is attended 
with good results, and is practised more than hitherto. 
The De la Grifferaie stock is also used, more for Tea 
Roses than others, and is considered by some to produce 
better plants than the Manetti.~ The shoots on standard 
briars should be reduced to about three of the strongest, 
selected as close together as possible and near the top, 
the briars having been previously cut back the desired 
height at planting time. Two buds are sufficient for a 
good head, but for certainty three may be inserted. 
A represents a tall briar with three shoots: a shows 
