96 PLANT PROPAGATION 
CaLCEOLARIA.—Seeds of the herbaceous Calceolarias 
should be sown on the surface of well-drained pots or 
pans of compost (as directed for Begonias) in July in a 
shady part of greenhouse or cold frame. 
Shrubby Calceolarias, used largely for bedding, are 
propagated ‘in October by cuttings planted in beds in 
cold frames*but protected from frost during winter with 
straw or Russian mats and transplanted in spring. No 
artificial heat is needed. 
CALLICARPA.—C. purpurea, raised from seed or cut- 
tings, produces a good display of purple berries if the 
growths are allowed to extend without much pinching 
back in an intermediate house temperature. 
CALYCANTHUS.—These sweet-smelling shrubs are 
propagated by layers put down in July and August. 
CaMELLIA.—The single-flowered and hardy sorts may 
be propagated by seed, layers, and cuttings of partly- 
ripened shoots kept in cold frame until callused, then 
removed to a heated pit. Choice greenhouse sorts are 
mostly side-grafted without tongueing from July to 
September on stocks raised from cuttings of the old 
single red and placed in a heated propagating-case until 
a union is effected. 3 
CAMPANULA.—Species and varieties of this numerous 
family are propagated by seed, cuttings, and division. 
The habit of growth will be a good indication of the 
most suitable method. C. pyramidalis for pot culture 
should be sown in March to provide plants for flowering 
the following year. The popular Cup and Saucer 
(C. calycanthema) and Canterbury Bells (C. medium), if 
sown in May, will also supply good material for a 
display the following year. 
CanpytuFrt (Iberis).—Propagate the perennial sorts 
