LIST OF PLANTS 97 
by cuttings under handlights or in a cold frame in July ; 
annual kinds by seed sown on a sunny border from 
March to May where the plants are intended to bloom. 
Canna.—-The seeds of these are so extremely hard 
that they germinate very slowly unless steeped in warm 
water for about 24 hours before sowing, or the outer 
shell may be chipped or filed through to admit moisture 
to hasten the sprouting. The young roots being very 
brittle, it is recommended that they be sown singly in 
small pots to avoid damage by breakage, which might 
happen if sown in pans many together. From 70 to 80 
degrees is a suitable heat for raising them. Named 
varieties are increased by division in spring when 
growth is commencing. 
Capsicum.—tThe different varieties are ornamental on 
account of their bright-coloured fruits; they are also 
useful for culinary purposes. Sow in February and 
March in heat. 3 
Carpoon (Cynara cardunculus).—This vegetable is 
much esteemed in some countries, but only occasionally 
grown here. The seeds are best sown singly in small 
pots placed in a cold frame at the end of April, planting 
out in trenches in May. In warm localities seed may be 
sown outdoors in the trenches in patches of three, the 
patches being 18 inches apart. When the seedlings 
grow, select the best plant in each patch and destroy 
the others. 
CARNATIONS.—Marguerite Carnations may be sown 
indoors in February and planted out in April to bloom 
in August. 
Perpetual or Tree Carnations are propagated from 
January to March from side-shoots, 3 or 4 inches long, 
taken off by gently pulling them downwards so that 
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