142 PLANT PROPAGATION 
as seedlings, bulblets, and scales take from three to six 
years to flower. The seeds of different species vary 
considerably in the length of time needed for germina- 
tion, some sprouting in a few days, while others require 
several months. 
Lity oF THE VALLEY (Convallaria majalis).—When 
the crowns of these become overcrowded they should be 
divided singly in September or October, retaining some 
roots with each as illustrated (p. 15), and be planted in 
a partially shaded position in rich, moist soil, 2 inches 
to 3 inches apart, only slightly covering the tops with 
the soil. A good time for sowing seed outdoors is in 
March, but as the crowns are generally so freely pro- 
duced, this mode of increase is seldom necessary. 
LinaRiA (TOADFLAX).—The pretty annual kinds and 
the perennial species can be very well raised from seed 
sown in April where the resulting plants are intended 
to flower. A sunny position should be chosen. The 
perennials of tufted habit may also be increased by 
division in autumn or spring. 
Linum.—Most of the pretty annual and perennial 
kinds of this interesting genus can be raised from seed 
sown in March or April out of doors in their permanent 
positions to avoid transplanting. Division of the roots 
of perennials is best effected in early spring. 
LippiA (SWEET-SCENTED VERBENA).—This delightfully 
fragrant plant, so well known to many under the old 
name of Aloysia citriodora, can be easily propagated by 
cuttings. Young shoots that grow from the old branches 
in spring, if slipped off when 3 inches or 4 inches in 
length, strike readily if quickly inserted in pots of 
sandy soil surfaced with a thin layer of pure sand and 
placed in a close, warm frame. 
