Ce EL =< =. 
LIST OF PLANTS 175 
shaded. Spores are produced, but for practical purposes 
are seldom used, this being a slow process. 
SEMPERVIVUM.—The general method of propagation 
is by removing the young offsets from around the bases 
of old plants, or by seed sown in spring in a mixture of 
loam, leaf-mould, and old mortar. Leaves and cuttings 
will also grow if slightly dried before insertion, 
SHALLoTs.—Piant at the end of February, 6 inches 
apart, in rows g inches asunder, pressing the cloves into 
the soil to keep them in position and so that the crowns 
just appear above the surface. When ripe and the 
leaves turn yellow in July the Shallots may be taken up, 
dried in the sun for a few days, and stored. 
SILENE.—Sow S. pendula in August or September 
for spring gardening outdoors, and in April for summer 
flowering. Perennial kinds are increased by seed sown 
in spring and by division in March and April. 
SkimmiA.—The seed, when ripe, should be cleaned 
from the pulp and sown in pots of sandy loam and peat 
in a cold frame. Firm cuttings root in gentle heat under 
bell-glasses in summer. To insure the prodtction of 
berries, which are a special feature of these evergreen 
shrubs, plants of both sexes should be grown in close 
proximity. | 
SoLanum.—Of this large genus the annuals and many 
of the perennials may be grown from seed, the tuberous- 
rooted kinds from tubers and seed, and the shrubby 
species by cuttings and seed. 
SoLipaGo (GOLDEN Rop).—Divide the roots in autumn 
or spring. 
SONERILA.—These gems of foliage plants are raised 
from seed and by cuttings inserted under a bell-glass in 
a moist temperature of 85 degrees. Leaves (as a 
