THE NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY. 125 



Jr., that in June, 1880, he found the Orchard Oriole breeding 

 abundantly in apple orchards near Evanston, Illinois. 



The range of this Oriole includes the United States east of 

 the Plains, and from near the northern border south, in winter, 

 as far as Colombia. It breeds throughout its United States 

 range. 



Icterus galbula (Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. 



Coracias galbula LINNAEUS, S. N., ed. 10, -1758, 108. 

 Oriolus Baltimore LINN.EUS, S. N., ed. 12, I, 1766, 162. 

 Icterus Baltimore DAUD.. Tr. Orn., II, 348. 



Icterus galbula COUES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V, April, 1880, 98. ' 

 Popular synonyms: GOLDEN ORIOLE. GOLDEN ROBIN. HANGING 

 BIBD. FIRE BIRD. PEA BIRD. 



The Baltimore Oriole is a common summer resident, arriving 

 the last of April and departing in September. 



Its range extends throughout eastern temperate North Amer- 

 ica, west quite to the base of the Rocky Mountains, and south, 

 in winter, through Mexico to Colombia. It breeds chiefly north 

 of latitude 35. 



Genus EUPHAGUS Cassin, 1866. 



Euphagns carolinns (Miiller). Rusty Blackbird. 



Turdus carolinus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Snppl., 1776, 140. 

 Quiscalus ferrugineus BONAPARTE, Obs. Wils., 1824, No. 46. 

 Scolecophagus ferrugineus SWAINSON, in Sw. & Rich.. Fauna Bor. 



Amer., II, 1831, 286. 

 Scolecophagus carolinus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 



356. 

 Euphagus carolinus RICHMOND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVI, 



1903, 128. 

 Popular synonym : RUSTY CRACKLE, 



This species is an abundant migrant, arriving early in March 

 and remaining until the last of April. In the fall it returns about 

 the first of October and departs for its winter home when the 

 severely cold weather sets in. 



Its range includes eastern North America, \vest to Alaska 

 and the Great Plains. It breeds from northern New England 

 and Michigan northward and in Alaska. 



Enphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler). Brewer 's Blackbird. 



Psarocolius cyanocephalus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 758. 



Scotecophagus cyanocephalus CABANIS. Mus. Hein., I. 1851, 193. 



Euphagus cyanocephalus RICHMOND. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 

 XVI, 1903. 128. 



Popular synonyms: VIOLET-HEADED BLACKBIRD. BLUE-HEADED BLACK- 

 BIRD. 



