SYNONYMY OF T. PALLASI AND ITS VARIETIES 21 



TurdUS pallasi, Cab. MH. i. 1850, 5. Scl PZS. 1859, 325 (critical). Scl. Ibis, iii. 1861, 282. 

 Barn. Smiths. Rep. for 1860, 1861, 435 (Pennsylvania). Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. 1866, 

 281 (New York). Allen, Am. Nat. i. 1867, 109. Ridg. Pr. Phila. Acad. xxi. 1869, 128 

 (critical). Allen, Am. Nat. iii. 1869, 573. Mayn. B. Fla. 1872, 8. Merr. U. S. Geol. Surv. 

 Terr, for 1872, 1873, 713. Cones, BNW. 1874, Z. Trippe., ibid. 225 (Colorado). Brew. Pr. 

 Bost, Soc. xvii. 1875, 438. B. B. $ R. NAB. i. 1874, 18, pi. i. f. 6. 



Turdus pallacii, Allen, Proc. Essex Inat. iv. 1864, 56. 



Grive solitaire, LeM. Ois. Cauad. 1861, 169. 



Merle solitaire, Degl.-Gerbe., l c. 



Hermit Thrush; Solitary Thrush; Rafous-tailediTlirush ; Ground Swamp Robin. 



b. nanus. 



? Fnalascha Thrush, Penn. AZ. ii. 1785, 338, No. 202. 



? Turdus aonalaschkae, Gm. SN. i. pt. ii. 1788, 808, No. 31. 



? TurdUS aoonalaschkfle, Lath. IO. i. 1790, 329, No. 8 (Synop. iii. 23). Turt. SN. i. 1806, 491. 



?Muscicapa guttata. Pall. ZRA. i. 1811 (1831), 465, No. 106. 



TurdUS nanus, And. OB. v. 1839, 201. pi. 419 (name T. minor on pi.). Towns. Journ. Phila. 

 Acad. viii. 1839, 153. And. Syn. 1839, 91. And. BA. iii. 1841, 32, pi. 147. Garni. Proc. 

 Phila. Acad. i. 1843, 262 (California). Henry, Proc. Phil. Acad. viS. 1855, 310 (New 

 Mexico). Scl. PZS. 1859, 4.Bd. BNA. 1858, 213.^. PZS. 1859, 325 (critical). Xan- 

 tus, Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 190 (California). Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 106 

 (New Mexico). Hcerm. PRRR. x. 1859, pt. iv. 45. Scl. Ibis, iii. 1861, 282. Scl. Cat. 

 AB. 1862, 2. Bd. Rev. AB. 1864, 15. Heerm. Ibis, 1865, 475 (Texas). Trippe, Am. 

 Nat. ii. 1868, 380. Allen, Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 488. Mayn. Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 662. Ridg, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. xxi. 1869, 129 (critical). Dall ff Bann. Tr. Chicago Acad. i. 1869, 275. 

 Coop. B. Cal. i. 1870, 4. Coop. Am. Nat. iv. 1871, 757. Coop. Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 16. 

 ?Brew. Pr. Bost. Soc. xvii. 1875, 438 (New England). 



HylOCicllla nan&, Coues, Ibis, 1865, 163 (Arizona). 



TurdUS (HylodChla) nanus, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. xviii. 1866, 65 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.). 



Turdus pallasii -car. nanus, Coues, Key, 1872, 72. 



Turdus pallasi b. nanus, Coues, BNW. 1874, 3. 



? TurdUS minor, Gamb. Pr. Phila. Acad. iii. 1846, 113 (Cal.); Journ. Phila. Acad. i. 1847, 41. 



Dwarf Thrush ; Dwarf Hermit Thrush. 



c. auduboni. 



Merula Silens, Sw. Philos. Mag.i. 1827, 647. Sw. FBA. ii. 1831, 186. (Not Turdus silcnsVioill). 

 TurdUS Silens, Scl. PZS. 1858, 300 (Parada). Scl. PZS. 1859, 325 (critical). Scl. Ibis, iii, 1861, 



282. Scl. Cat. AB. 1862, 2. 



TurdUS SOlltarlUS, Scl. PZS. 1857, 212 (Orizaba). 

 TurdUS auduboni, Bd. Rev. AB. i. 1864, 16 (based on M. silens Svr.).Stev. U. S. Geol. Surv. 



Terr, for 1870, 1871, 463. 

 TurdUS audubonii, Allen, Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 489 (critical). Sumich. Mem. Bost. Soc. i. 1S69, 



542 (Vera Cruz). Ridg. Pr. Phila. Acad. xxi. 1869; 129 (critical). Merr. U. S. Geol. Surv. 



Terr, for 1872, 1873, 705, 713. 



TurdUS pallasii var. audubonii, Coues, Key, 1872, 72. 

 Turdus pallasi c. audubonii, Coues, BNW. 1874, 3. 

 Audubon's Thrush ; Rocky Mountain Hermit Thrush. 



HAB. North America at large, but especially the Eastern Province. Ac- 

 cidental in Europe (see above references). No valid West Indian or Cen- 

 tral American quotations ? Mexico ? Var. nanus chiefly along the Pacific 

 side, from Kodiak to Lower California. Var. auduboni from the Southern 

 Rocky Mountain regicn and Mexico, where resident. 



CH. SP. a. PALLASI. Olivaceus, cauda discolor e, ritfescente; 

 subtus albus, lateribus griseo-olivaceis, pectore ct jugulo subflam- 

 cantibuSj inaculis nigris angularibus notatis. 



$ $ , in Rammer: Upper parts olivaceous, with a brownish cast, and 

 therefore not so pure as in swainsoni ; this color changing on the rump and 



