22 DESCRIPTION OF T. PALLASI AND ITS VARIETIES 



upper tail-coverts into the rufous of the tail, in decided contrast with the 

 back. Under parts white, shaded with grayish-olive on the sides, the breast, 

 jugulum, and sides of the neck more or less strongly tinged with yellowish, 

 and marked with numerous large, angular, dusky spots, which extend back 

 of the yellowish-tinted parts. Throat immaculate. A yellowish orbital 

 ring. Bill brownish-black, with most of the under mandible livid whitish ; 

 mouth yellow ; eyes brown ; legs pale brownish. $ , length, 7-7| inches ; 

 extent, 11-12; wing, 3^-3|; tail, 2f-3. 5 smaller, averaging under 7 

 inches in length, and other dimensions proportionally less. 



In winter : The olivaceous of the upper parts assumes a more rufous cast, 

 much like that of ustulatus, and the yellowish wash of the under parts and 

 sides of the head and neck is more strongly pronounced. But the most 

 rufous specimens are readily distinguished from fuscescens by the strong 

 contrast between the color of the tail and other upper parts. 



Very young : Most of the upper parts marked with pale yellowish longi- 

 tudinal streaks, with clubbed extremities, and dusky specks at the end ; 

 while the feathers of the belly and flanks are offcen skirted with dusky in 

 addition to the numerous blackish spots of the rest of the under parts. 



&. NANUS. Minor; $ long. tot. circ. 7 j alec 2J scu minus; 

 caudcc circ. 2%. 

 c. AUDUBONL Major; long. tot. circ. 7f ; alec, 4 + ; caudce 



AMONG the Western Hylociclilcv of the pallasi type, there 

 are a larger and a smaller race, both intergrading com- 

 pletely with the dimensions of Eastern pallasi, their respective 

 averages being at about the maxima and minima of pallasi 

 proper. The difference in size between them is more noticeable 

 than that between either of them and T. pallasi, and appears 

 to be preserved with much constancy. I am unable to appreci- 

 ate any of the differences in coloration which have been as- 

 cribed; at any rate, these differences are fully within the 

 normal range of variation of typical pallasi. These subspecies 

 are less strongly indicated than either of those of the swainsoni 

 type, and little violence would be done by declining to recog- 

 nize them by name. Nanus, in particular, is positively indis- 

 tinguishable from some small specimens of Eastern pallasi. 

 Audiiboni is rather better marked. I have never seen the wing 

 of pallasi four inches long, and doubt that it ever exceeds this 

 dimension, as is the case with some examples of auduboni. 



The average of a large series of both sexes of typical pallasi 

 from the Eastern States is : Length, 7.00 ; extent, 11.25 ; wing, 

 3.75; tail, 2.75; tarsus, 1.15. 



It is not easy to determine the proper name of this species 



