SYNONYMY AND DESCRIPTION OF C. MEXICANUS 89 



American Dipper 



< iiiclu* mexicamis 



(Indus pallasii, Bp Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 1826, 439. Bp. AO. ii. 1828, 173, pi. 16, f. 1 (necauct.). 



Cinclus mexicanus, Sw. Philon. Mag. i. 1827, 308. Scl. PZS. 1859, 36-2 (Xalapa). Bd. Rev. 

 AB. 1864, 60. Cones, Pr. Phila. Acad. xviii. 1866, 66 (Arizona). fSalv. Ibin, ii 2 . 1866, 190 

 (Guatemala). Salv. Ibis, Hi 2 . 1867, 120 (monographic). Sumich. Mem. Boat. Soc. i. 1869, 

 544(Vera Cruz). Coop. B. Gal. i. 1870, 25. fig.Coues, Key, 1872. 77, f. 18. Allen, 

 Bull. MCZ. iii. 1872, 174 (Utah and Colorado). Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. v. 1873, 179. 

 Merriam, U. S. Geol. Surv. for 1872, 1873, 671, 713 (Montana). Dall, Pr. Gala. Acad. 

 . 1873, (Unalashka). Coues, BNW. 1874. 1 0. Trippe, ibid. 229. Bd. Br. ff Ry. NAB. 

 i. 1874,56, fig. pi. 5, f. 1. Yarr. ff Hensh. Rep. Orn. Specs. 1874, 6.Hens/i. ibid. 46, 

 97.Hensh. List B. Ariz. 1875, 154 (White Mountains). Hensh. Zool. Expl. W. 100 

 Merid. 1876, 159. 



Cinclus mexicana, Allen, Am. Nat. vi. 1872, 396. 



Hydrobata mexicana, Bd. BNA. 1858, 229. Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 106 (New 

 Mexico). Xantus, Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 190 (California). O. fy S. NHWT. 1860, 

 175. Blaldst. Ibis, v. 1861, 60 (Athabasca River). Brown, Ibis, iv 2 . 1868, 420 (Vancou- 

 ver). Coop. Am. Nat. iii. 1869, 32 (Montana). Dall (f Bann. Tr. Ghicago Acad. i. 1869, 

 277 (Alaska). Dall, Am. Nat. iv. 1870, 600. Aiken, Pr. Boat. Soc. xv. 1872, 194 

 (Colorado). 



Cinclus americanus, 5. <V R. FBA. ii. 1831, 173. Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 569. And. OB. iv. 1838, 

 493 ; v. 1839, 303, pll. 370, 435. And. Syn. 1839, 86. Towns. Journ. Phila. Acad. viii. 

 1839, 153. And. BA. ii. 1841, 182, pi. 137. Gamb. Pr. Phila. Acad. iii. 1846, 114 (Cali- 

 fornia). Gamb. Journ. Phila. Acad. i. 1817, 43. McCall, Pr. Phila. Acad. v. 1851,216 

 (Texan). Heerm. Journ Phila Acad. ii. 1853, 264. Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad. vii. 1855, 310 

 (New Mexico). Newb. PRRR. vi. 1857, 80. Heerm. PRRR. x. 1859, 44. 



Cinclus unicolor, Bp. Zool. Journ. iii. 1827, 52. Bp. CGL. 1838, 18. 



Cinclus mortoni, " Towns, varr. 1839, 337". 



Cinclus tOWnsendli, "('And.') Towns. Narr. 1839, 340". 



Quid TurdUS townsendii, Towns. Jouru. Phila. Acad. viii. 1839, 153, descr. nulli 



American Dipper ; Water Ouzel, Vulg, 



HAB. Mountains of Western North America from the region of the Yukon 

 into Mexico. 



CH. SP. $ 9 Schistaceo-plumbeuv, infra dilutior, capite brun- 

 nescente, palpebris plerumque a Ibis. 



$ 9, adult, in summer: Slaty-plumbeous, paler below, inclining on the 

 head to sooty-brown. Quills and tail-feathers fuscous. Eyelids usually 

 white. Bill black ; feet yellowish. Length, 6 or 7 inches; extent, 10 or 11 ; 

 wing, 3^-4; tail, about 2 ; bill, f ; tarsus, Ii; middle toe and claw rather 

 less. Individuals vary much in size. 



$ 9 i in winter, and the majority of not perfectly mature specimens are 

 paler below than the above description would indicate, all the feathers of 

 the under parts being skirted with whitish. The quills of the wing are also 

 conspicuously tipped with white. The bill is largely yellowish at the base. 

 Young : Below, whitish, more or less so according to age, frequently tinged 

 with pale cinnamon-brown. The whole under parts are sometimes over- 

 laid with the whitish ends of the feathers, shaded with the rufous pos- 

 teriorly. The throat is usually nearly white ; the bill mostly yellow. The 

 white tipping of the wing-feathers is at a maximum ; and in some cases the 

 tail-feathers are similarly marked. 



