LOPPIOPHANES CHARS. AND SYNS. OF L. BICOLOR 113 



maximum for this group. Nests excavated in trees. Eggs 

 spotted. 



There are four perfectly good American species of " Tufted 

 Titmice r , only two of which are known to occur in the Colorado 

 Basin. For convenience of comparing the three western species 

 with the eastern one, the characters of the latter are subjoined.* 



* I.ophopha !n-s bicolor. Tiiftecl Titmouse. 



Parus biCOlor, L. SN. i- 1766, 340 (Gates, i. pi. 57).- Gm. SN. i. 1788, W05.-Latk. IO. ii. 1790, 

 567. Tun. SN. i. 1806, 621. Wils. AO. i. 1808, 137, pi. 8, f. 5. Bp. Journ. Phila. Acad. 

 iv. 1825, 255. Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 1826, 100. Less. Tr. Orn. 1831, 456. Aud. OB. i. 

 1831, 199, pi. 39 Niat. Man. i. 1832, 236. Temm. Man. iii. 1835. 210. Bp. C. & G. L. 

 1838, 20. Aud. Syn. 1839, 78. Aud. BA. ii. 1841, 143, pi. 125 (" Nova Scotia"). Linsl. 

 Am. Journ. Sci. xliv. 1843, 255 (Connecticut). Gir. BLI. 1844, 78. Read, Pr. Phila. 

 Acad. vi. 1853, 397 (Ohio). Brew. Pr. Bost. Soc. iv. 1854, 325. Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad. 

 vii. 1855, 309 (? ? New Mexico). Kennic. Tr. Illinois Agric. Soc. i. 1855, 584. Haym. Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. viii. 185C, 290 (Indiana). Maxim. J. f. O. vi. 1858, 118. (N. B. Parus 

 bicolcr, Fabric. Fn. Grrenland. 1780, 123, is some other animal.) 



iophophaiies biCOlor, Bp. CA. i. 1850, 228. Cass. 111.1853, IB. Woodk. Sitgr. Rep. Zufii, 

 1853, 68 (Indian Territory). Maxim. J. f. O. 1858, 117. Bd. BNA. 1858, 384. Henry, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. xi. 1859, 107. Barn. Smiths. Rep. for 1860, 1861, 437 (Pennsylvania). 

 Coues SfPrent. Smiths. Rep. for 1861, 1862, 4ll.Hayd. Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. xii. 1862, 

 174. Verr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. 1862, 157. Bd. RAB. 1864,78. Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst. iv. 1864, 

 S3. Hoy, Smiths. Rep. for 1864, 1865, 438 (Missouri). Dress. Ibis, 2d ser. i. 1865, 485 

 (Texas). Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. 1866, 283. Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868, . 107 

 (South Carolina). Coue, Pr. Ess. lust. v. 1868, 279 (New England). Turnb. B. E. Pa. 

 1869, 28 ; Phila. ed. 21. Gregg, Br. Elmira Acad. 1870, (Chemung Co. N. Y. T rare). 

 Abbott, Am. Nat. iv. 1870, 545. Allen, Bull. MCZ. ii. 1871, 261 (Florida); iii. 1872,125 

 (Kansas). Scott, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1872, 221. Allen, Am. Nat. vi. 1872, 264. Mayn. B. 

 Fla. 1872, 32. Coues, Key, 1872, 80, f. 21. Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 6 (resident). Ridg. 

 Am. Nat. vii, 1873, 200. Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1873, 236 (Iowa). M err. Am. Nat. 

 viii. 1874, 8, 86. Coues, BNW. 1874, 19. B. B. 4- R. NAB. i. 1874, 87, pi. 6, f. 1. Breto. 

 Pr.Bost. Soc. xvii. 1875, 451. 



Bacolophus bicolor, Cab. MH. i. 1850, 91. 



Parus CristatUSj'-Barfr. Trav. Fla. 1st Am. ed. 1791, 292. 



Lophoplianes missouriensis, Bd. BNA. 1858, 3H4 (in text). 



Toupet Titmouse, Penn. AZ. ii. 1785, 423, no. 324. 



Mesange bicolore, Temm. i. c. 



Tufted Titmouse, Crested Titmouse, Vulg. 



HAB. Eastern United States, from Texas and Nebraska to tbe Connecti- 

 cut Valley. 



CH. SP. : $ $ Cinereus, dorso paululum olivascente ; infra sordide albus, lateri-< 

 bus rufis ; f route nigrd; rostro nigricante, pedibm plumbeis. 



3 9 : Entire upper parts ashy, tbe back usually with a slight olivaceous 

 shade, tbe wings and tail rather purer and darker plumbeous, the latter 

 sometimes showing obsolete transverse bars. Sides of the head and entire 

 under parts dull whitish, washed with chestnut-brown on the sides. A 

 black frontlet at the base of the crest. Bill plumbeous-blackish ; feet plum- 

 beous. Length, 6-6i inches; extent, 9f-10; wing, 3-3; tail about the 

 same. 



Young : The crest less developed ; little if any trace of the black frontlet ; 

 sides scarcely washed with rusty. 

 8BC 



