SYNONYMY OF HELMINTHOPHAGA PINftS 215 



tera, are exclusively Eastern, as far as we now know. The 

 genus, as a whole, is rather southerly, belonging to the United 



284. Trippe, Am. Nat.il. 1868, 174. Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868, 109. ffaj/m.Geol. 

 Surv. Indiana, 1869, 210. Mayn. Guide, 1870, 100 (Massachusetts). Abbott, Am. Nat. 

 iv. 1870, 543. Allen, Am. Nat vi. 1872, 265. Coues, Key, 1872, 94. Allen, Bull. MCZ. 

 iii. 1872,124, 175 (Kansas) .Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 4. Eidgw. Am. Nat. vii. 1873, 199. 

 Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1873, 234 (Iowa). Coues, BNW. 1874, 49. Ridgw. Aim. Lye. 

 N. Y.x, 1874, 368 (Illinois, breeding). Ames, Bull. Minn. Acad. i. 1874, 56 (Minne- 

 sota). B. B. & R. NAB. i. 1874, 195, pi. 11, f. 1. Brew. Pr. Bost. Soc. xvii. 1875,439 

 (Conn.). Minot, B. New Engl. 1877, 91. Merr. Trans. Conn. Acad. iv. 1877, 14 (Conn.). 

 Helmintbopaga pinus, Gregg, Pr. Elmnvi Acad. Nat. Sci. 1870, . 

 Helniinthopbaga pina, Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 1868,271 (S. New England). Purdie, Am. 



Nat. vii. 1873, 692 (Connecticut, breeding regularly). 



Parus aureus alls ccruleis, Bartr. Trav. Fla. 1791, 292 (cf. Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1875, 352). 

 Sylvia solitaria, Wils. AO. ii. 1810, 109, pi. 15, f. 4.V. Ency. Meth. ii. 18-23,450. Bp. Journ. 

 Phila. Acad. iv. 1824,189. Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 1826, 87. Nutt Man. i. 1832, 410. 

 Aud. OB. i. 1832, 102, pi. 20. Haym. Pr. Phila. Acad. viii. 1856, 290 (Indiana). 

 V (Tinhorn solitaria, Jard. "ed.Wils. 1832". Bp. CGL. 1838, 21. Denny, PZS. 1847, 38. 

 Woodh. Sitgr. Rep. Expl. Col. R. 1853, 72 (Indian Terr., common, breeding). Head, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1853, 399 (Ohio). Hoy, Smiths. Rep. for 18C4, 1865, 438 (Missouri). 

 Sylvicola solitaria, Rich. Rep. Brit Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1836, 1837, 171. 

 Helinaia solitaria, Aud. Syn. 1839, 69. Aud. BA. ii. 1841, 98, pi. 1 11. Praften.Tr. Illinois 



Agric. Soc. 1855, 602. Putn. Pr. Ess. Inst i. 1856, 227 (Massachusetts). 

 Mniotilta solitaria, Gray, G. of B. i. 1848, 196. 

 Helmitheros solitaria, Bp. C A. i. 1850, 315. 

 Helmitheros solitariu's, Sci PZS. 1856, 291 (Cordova). 



Helmintbopbaga solitaria, Cab. MH. i. 1850, 20. Turnb. B. E. Pa. 1869, 23; Phila. ed. 16. 

 Pine Creeper, Edw. Glean, pt. ii. 139, pi. 277, f. 2. (Not of Catesby.) 



Figuier de la Louisiane, Briss. Orn. vi. 1760, App.59 (based on Edwards's Pine Creeper; 

 not the bird described in the body of his work, iii. 576, which is Catesby 's Pine 

 Creeper, iior the bird of same name in p. 500, which is Parula americana). 

 Pine Warbler, Penn. AZ. ii, 1785, 412, n. 318. Lath. Syn. ii. pt. ii. 1783, 483, n. 107. (Descrip- 

 tion mostly pertinent, but synonymy confused with that of Dendrceca pinus). 

 Figuier des Sapins, Buff. " v. 276 " [?]. 



Fauvette des Sapins, Sylvia pinus, V. N. D. d'H. N. 2d ed. xi. 1817, 218 (description). 

 Fauvette jaune aux ailes bleues, V. Ency. Meth. ii. 1823, 450. 

 Blue-winged Yellow Warbler (or Swamp-Warbler), Authors. 



[NOTE. The synonymy of the Blue- winged Yellow Warbler, Helminthophaga pinus, is 

 curiously involved with that of the Pine-creeping Warbler, Dendroeca pinus, but may 

 readily be disentangled. Wilson, in fact, understood the case, and showed that the confu-' 

 sion arose from the fact that the "Pine Creeper" of Edwards and the "Pine-Creeper " of 

 Catesby are two different birds, wrongly supposed by Linnaeus and Gmelin, as well as 

 by Brisson, Latham, and Pennant, to be the same species. Edwards, it seems, received 

 the Helminthophaga, from Bartram, and described and figured it (pi. 277) under the style 

 of the " Pine Creeper ". Edwards's bird became the Certhia pinus of Linnaeus, whose diag- 

 nosis ("C. flava, supra olivacea, alia cseruleis fasciis dnabus albis . . . lora nigra ") is 

 exclusively pertinent. Meanwhile, Catesby described and figured the Dendroeca under iho 

 same style of "Pine-Creeper", Parus americanus lutescens (folio and pi. 61) ; his account is 

 poor and his figure bad, and they were mistaken to indicate the same bird that Edwards 

 treated of. So it fell out that the Certhia pinus of Linnaeus and Gmelin, the Sylvia pinus 

 of Latham, and the Pine Warbler of Latham and Pennant include both birds, as far as 

 synonymy is concerned, though their descriptions all indicate the Helminthophaga. Bris- 

 sou's "Mesange d'Amerique, Parus americanus" is based solely on Catesby, and is the 

 Dendroeca; but, after thus handling the species in the body of his work (iii. 576), he gives 

 in the appendix (vi. 59) a certain " Figuier de la Louisiane ", based solely on Edwards'a 

 Pine Creeper (pi. 277), remarking the black loral stripe, as given by Edwards, and thus 

 unmistakably indicating the Helminthophaga. But Brisson's " Figuier de la Louisiane", 

 of the body of his work, iii. 500, is Parula americana. I have not been able to consult 

 Buffon ("v. 276"), and am consequently unable to say which of the two birds his 



