SYNONYMY OF PYRANGA RUBRA 351 



and tail as black as night, makes him only too conspicuous an 

 object, the never-failing bait to the greed of the mere collector 



Smiths. Rep. for 1858, 1859, 233(Nova Scotia). Martens, J. f. 0. 1859, 215 (Bermudas). 

 Brew. Pr. Boat Soc. vii. 1860, 307 (Cuba). Barn. Smiths. Rep. for 1860, 1861,436. 

 Lawr. Ann. Lyc.N.Y. vii. 1861, 331 (New Granada). Gundl. J. f.O. 1861, 328. Scl 

 CAB. 1862,80 (Bogota). Vcrr. Pr. Ess. Inst. iii. 1862, 148. AlbrecJit, J. f. 0. 1862, 197 

 (Jamaica). Tayl Ibis, iv. 1862, 128 (F.'orida). Boardm. Pr. Bost, Soc. ix. 1862, 125 

 (Maine). March, Pr. Phila. Acad. xv. 1863, 296 (Jamaica). Scl PZS. 1864, 350 

 (Panama). Allen, Pr. Ess. lust. iv. 1864, 65. Roy, Smiths. Rep. for 1864, 1865, 438 

 (Missouri). Dress. Ibis, 2d ser. i. 18C5, 479 (El Paso, Tex ). Mcllwr. Pr. Ess. Inst. v. 

 1866, 86 (Canada West). Lawr. Ann. Lye. 1ST. T. viii. 1866, 286; ix. 1868, 99 (Costa 

 Rica). Coues, Pr. Ess. Inst, v. 1868, 275. Coues, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii. 1868, 113 (South 

 Carolina). Jackson, Am. Nat. ii. 1868, 490. Sumich. Mem. Bost. Soc. i. 1869, 550 (Vera 

 Cruz). v. Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, 229 (Costa Rica). Turnb. B. E. Pa. 1869, 26 ; Phila. ed. 

 19. Salv. PZS. 1870, 187 (Veragua). Bruhin, Zool. Gart. 1871, 17 (Wisconsin). 

 Trippe, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi. 1871,117 (Minnesota). Salv. Ibis, 3d ser. ii. 1872, 316 (Chon- 

 tales). Gundl. J. f. O. 1872, 421 (Cuba) Mayn. Pr. Bost. Soc. xiv. 1872, 370. Scott. 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1872, 223. Coues, Key, 1872, 111. Allen, Bull. MCZ. iii. 1872, 175 

 (Eastern Kansas). Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 2. Trippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv. 1873, 235. 

 Packard, Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 271. Coues, BNW. 1874, 82.!?. B. & R. NAB. i. 1874, 

 435, pi. 20, f. 7, 8. Brew. Pr. Bost Soc. xvii. 1875, 441. Gentry, Life-Hist. i. 1876, 177.- 

 Merr. Trans. Conn. Acad. iv. 1877, W.-Minot, B. N. Engl. 1677, 134. 



Piranga rubra, Gray, Handlist, ii. 1870, 60, n. 6835. 



Pyrouga rubra, Bruhin, Zool. Gart. xii. 1872, 221. 



Pfaoenisoma rubra, Sw. Class. B. ii. 1837, 284. 



Phoenicosoma rubra, Cab. HH. i. 1850, 24. Gundl. J. f. 0. 1855, 477; 1861, 409 (Cuba). 



Phoenicosoina rubrum, Gieb. Nomenc. Av. iii. 1876, 110. 



? Tanagra olivacea, 6m. SN. i. 1788, 889, n. 6 (in part, perhaps. Based on the Olivet of 

 Buff. iv. 269, and the Olive Tanager of Lath. Syn. ii. pt i. 218, n. 4, and Penn. AZ.ii. 

 1785, 369, n. 238. " Cayenne and New York "). 



Pyranga erythromelas, V. N. D. d'H. N. 2d ed. xxviii. 1819, 293. 



Pyranga etythromelas, V. Ency. M6th. ii. 1823, 800. 



Cardinal de Canada, Cardinalis canadensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 17CO, 48, pi. 2, f. 5 (sole baeis 

 of Tanagra rubra L.). 



Tangara du Canada, Buff. " vii. 350 " ; PE. 156, f. 1. Less. Man. i. 1828, 164. [Compare 

 PE.127,f.l.] 



Scarlet Sparrow, Edw. pi. 343. 



Bed Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt. i. 1783, 217, n. 3. 



Canada Tanager, Penn. AZ. ii. 1785, 369, n. 237. 



? Olive Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt. i. 1783, 218, n. 4. Penn. AZ. ii. 1765, 369, n. 238. (" New 

 York." A basis of T. olivacea Gm. ; may be ? of this or T. (estiva.) 



Fyranga rouge et nolr, V. 1. c. 1823. D'Orb. I.e. 



Scarlet Black-winged Tanager, S. & K. 1. c. 



Scarlet Tanager or Black-winged Red-bird, Aud. 1. c. 



Tangara ecarlate, Le Moine, Ois. Canad. 1861, 278. 



HAB. Eastern Province of North America, strictly. United States and 

 adjoining border of the British Provinces (Lake Huron, lat. 49 N. not 59, 

 as misprinted in my BNW.). West to the borders of the Plains (Kansas 

 and Indian Territory ; El Paso, Heermanri). Cuba. Jamaica. Mexico. Cen- 

 tral America and South America to Ecuador. Breeds throughout its United 

 States range. Winters extralimital. Not common north of Massachusetts. 



NOTE, There is a hitch in the nomenclature of our two Eastern Tanagers, if we must 

 take Linnaeus at 1758. He applied the name rubra to each of them in 1766, calling the 

 Scarlet Tanager Tanagra rubra on p. 314, and the Summer Redbird Muscicapa rubra on 

 p. 326. This would leave the term rubra as it stands now, for the Scarlet Tanager ; but 

 he had before called the Summer Redbird Fringilla rubra, in 1758, p. 181. In strictness, 

 therefore, the name rubra should stand in place of cestiva, for the Summer ttedbird. But 

 this is a case in which it seems desirable to relax the stringency of a rule which, if hero 

 put in force, would result in a confusing change of nomenclature. 



