502 CHARACTERS OF VIREO GILVU8 SWAINSONI 



N. H. Wash. Terr. 1860, 188. Coop. Am. Nat. iii. 1869, 35 (Rocky Mountains). A lien, 



Bull. MCZ. iii. 1872, 156, 176 (Kansas, Colorado, Utah ; includes both varieties). 

 Vireo swainsoni, Ed. BNA. 1858, 336 (in text). Coues, Ibis, 1865, 164 (Arizona). Coues 



Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 73 (Arizona). Coop. Am. Nat. iii. 1869, 479. 

 VI reo SWainsonii, Merr. Ann. Rep. U. S. GeoL Surv. Terr, for 1872, 1873, 714. 

 Vireosylvia swainsoDi, Bd. Rev. AB. 1866, 343, fig. Aiken, Pr. Boat. Soc. xv. 1872, 198 



(Colorado). 



Vireosylvia swainscnii, Stev. Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Snrv. Terr, for 1870, 1871, 464. 

 Vireo gilvus var. swainsoni, Coues, Key, 1872, 121, f. 64. M jrr. Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 



Terr, for 1872, 1873, 712. Tarr. & Hensh. Rep. Orn. Specs. 1874, 12. flemft. ibid. 43, 77, 



105. Hensh. List B. Ariz. 1875, 151. Hensh. Zool. Expl. W. 100 Merid. 1875, 221. 

 Tireo gilvus b. swainsoni, Coues, BNW. 1874, 98. 



Vireosylvia gilva var. swainsoni, Ridgw. Bull. Ess. Inst. v. 1873, 181 (Colorado). 

 Vireosylvia gilvus var. swainsoni, B.B.&R. NAB. i. 1874, 371. Later. Bull. Nat. Mus. 



n. 4, 1876, 17 (Tehuan tepee). 

 Vireosylvia gilva /3. swainsoni, Ridgw. Rep. Surv. 40th Par. iv. pt. iii. 1877, 448. 



HAB. Of gilvus proper, temperate Eastern North America, to the high cen- 

 tral plains. Breeds throughout 

 its North American range ; win- 

 ters extralimital, in Mexico 

 and doubtless elsewhere, but 

 not known in the West Indies. 

 Of so-called "swainsoni", the 

 rest of the United States, in 

 wooded regions, from the plains 

 FIG. 58. Vireo swainsoni, natural size. ^ o ^jje Pacific. 



' CH. SP. S 9 Remigibus x. Cinereo-virescens, pileo sensim 

 cinerascente, necfuscolimbato; uropygio virente, striga superciliari 

 albidd, orbitis fuscis; loris albidis; infra albidus, sordide sub 

 flavivans, lateribus obscurioribus ; alls hand fasciatis. 



$ , adult : With 10 primaries, the exposed portion of the first of which 

 is i or less of the length of the second, no obvious wing-bars, no blackish 

 stripe along the side of the crown, and no abrupt contrast between color of 

 back and crown. Upper parts greenish, with an ashy shade, rather brighter 

 on the rump and edgings of the wings and tail, anteriorly shading insensibly 

 into ashy on the crown. Ash of crown bordered immediately by a whitish 

 superciliary and loral line; region immediately before and behind the eye 

 dusky ash. Below, sordid white with faiut yellowish (sometimes creamy or 

 buffy) tinge, more obviously shaded along the sides with a dilution of the 

 the color of the back. Quills and tail-feathers fuscous, with narrow external 

 edgings as above said, and broader whitish edging of the inner webs; the 

 wing-coverts without obvious whitish tipping. Bill dark horn-color above, 

 paler below ; feet plumbeous. Iris brown. Length, 5 inches, or rather more ; 

 extent, about 8; wing, 2f ; tail, 2; bill, f- ; tarsus, . 



Specimens differ a good deal in the shade of the upper parts, and particu- 

 larly in the tint of the under parts. Birds of the year and autumnal speci- 

 mens generally are apt to be brighter than those of spring. It is a very plainly 

 marked species, but the above description should suffice for its discrimina- 

 tion among the species described in this work. 



Western specimens were first doubtfully described as distinct under the 

 name of V. sivainsoni, then rated as a good species, and finally quoted as a 



