544 THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF LANIUS 



Americanos" in his Index Ornithologicus, i. 69, n. 9, basing 

 it, however, solely upon the Pie-griesche de la Louislane, PI. 

 Enlum. 397. 



5. LANIUS NATKA, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. 1788, 309, n. 50 (=!/. 

 nootka, LATH. TO. i. 1790, 80, n. 48 5 V. Ency. M6th. ii. 1823, 735). 

 This is based upon the "Natka Shrike 77 of PENNANT, AZ. ii. 

 1785, 239, n. 130, described as from Nootka Sound. It has 

 never been satisfactorily identified, but is evidently not a true 

 Lanius, and probably not a North American bird at all. 



6. LANIUS SEPTENTRIONALIS, Qm. Syst. Nat. i. 1788, 306, n. 

 37; LATH. IO. i. 1790, 76, n. 30; V. Ency. Me"th. ii. 1823, 732, 

 is based upon the " Northern Shrike" of LATHAM, Syn. i. 165, 

 n. 11, described from " the northern parts of America". Bona- 

 parte and some other authors revived the name for use in 

 connection with L. borealis, to which, however, it cannot be 

 properly referred. The species remains unidentified, and 

 probably cannot be now made out. 



7. LANIUS GRISCUS, Bartr. Trav. Fla. 1791, p. 289 Ms. This 

 name may have been intended to cover the larger of our two 

 species, L. borealis, as it is ascribed to Pennsylvania, in dis- 

 tinction from another species accredited to Florida; but the 

 account given does not suffice to decide the point. 



8. LANIUS GARRULUS, Bartr. Trav. Fla. 1791, p. 289 Ms. Un- 

 doubtedly intended for the Southern species, L. ludovicianus, 

 but insufficiently described. 



9. LANIUS BOREALIS, Vieill. GAS. i. 1807, 90, pi. 50. (See the 

 full synonymy beyond, p. 558.) Here we have the first unmis- 

 takable and exclusive description of the larger of our two 

 species, which had long previously been known, indeed, but 

 referred to the European L. excuMtor. Vieillot's bird appears 

 to have been first taken up by Swain son, whose identification 

 has been accepted by Audubon, Baird, and later writers gen- 

 erally, though the bird was for a while called by the unavail- 

 able name of septentrionalis, which Swain son very properly 

 refused to recognize. Yieillot describes his bird minutely, 

 leaving no doubt of what he meant, and in the Encyclopedic 

 Me*thodique he cites Wilson's plate 5, f. 1. 



10. LANIUS ARDOSIACUS, Vieill. OAS. i. 1807, 81, pi. 51. 

 This species is less satisfactorily characterized than the other 

 one which Vieillot describes, but the sum and substance of the 

 account leaves no necessary doubt that it is the Loggerhead 

 Shrike, L. ludomcianus of Brisson. Swainson indeed, who dis- 



