CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



TlTLEPAGE i 



PREFACE ..... iii 



CONTENTS ....... v 



GLOSSARY ........... . vii 



TOPOGRAPHY OF A BIRD .......... viii 



INTRODUCTION . ... . . 1 



How TO MEASURE A BIRD 8 



INDEX TO KEY TO FAMILIES. WATER BIRDS ...... 10 



GROUP 1. Toes, four, with lobate webs, or webs on sides of toes . . . 11 

 GROUP 2. Toes, four; front toes palmate (full webbed) ; hind toe not con- 

 nected with front ones by web . . . . . . 12 



GROUP 3. Toes, four, full webbed ; hind toe connected with front ones by 



web 15 



GROUP 4. Toes, four, not full webbed; small webs between toes at base, or 



toes entirely without web . . . . . . . 17 



Sectionl. Hind toe, raised above level of front toes . . .17 



Section 2. Hind toe, on level with front toes . . . . 19 



GROUP 5. Toes, three, full webbed ; no hind toe 21 



GROUP 6. Toes, three ; a small web between toes, or entirely without wob . 23 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF WATER BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA . . 25 



FAMILY PODICIPID.E. GREBES . . . . . . . . 25 



FAMILY GAVIID^E. LOONS ..... . . . . . 27 



FAMILY ALCID^E. AUKS, PUFFINS, AND MURRES 29 



FAMILY STERCORARIID^E. SKUAS AND JJKRERS 33 



FAMILY LARIDTK. GULLS AND TERNS . . 35 



SUBFAMILY LARIN^E. GULLS 36 



SUBFAMILY STERNIN^E. TERNS ......... 41 



FAMILY RIIYNCIIOPIDJE. SKIMMERS 45 



FAMILY DIOMEDEID^K. ALBATROSSES ........ 46 



(v) 



