KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible, not notched or hooked. 



Bill, as illustrated; back, brown; rump, with 

 concealed white spots; outer tail feathers, shortest; 

 tarsus, scutellate. 



Family TROGLODYTID/E. Wrens. 



See page 312. 



137 



Bill, as illustrated , back, gray or bluish gray; nos- 

 trils, concealed by tufts of bristly feathers. 



Family PARID/E. 



Subfamily SITTIN/E. Nuthatches. 



See page 317. 



Bill, as illustrated; throat, black; crown, black 

 and no rufous brown on sides (Chickadee), or forehead, 

 black; sides, with rufous brown (Titmouse). 



Family PARID/E. Chickadees and Titmice. 552 



See page 318. 



Section 2. First primary, not short, always more than 



half as long as third. 



Part 1. Tip of upper mandible, with small but distinct hook or notch. 



Bill, flattened and wide at 

 base; numerous black bristles at 

 base of bill ; back of tarsus, rounded ; 

 wing, longer thau tail. 



Top of bill. 



353 



Side of bill. 



Family TYRANNID/E. Flycatchers, 



See page 200. 



