146 



THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



First primary, not short, never less than two thirds as long as second or third; bill, stout 

 and conical; nostrils, high, near the cultnen; primaries, nine; tarsus, flattened behind. 



V*' 



442 



443 



Family FRINGILLID/E. 



388 



387 



Sparrows, Crossbills, Finches, Buntings, etc. 



See page 226. 



Bill, somewhat fringilline, but having a small " tooth," near the middle of 

 the edge of upper mandible ; primaries, nine ; tarsus, scutellate. But two species 

 (a third accidental) : Males, bright red, one with black wings ; one female is 

 olive green above, and yellowish green below; the other is olive green above, 

 and the underparts, dull orange yellow or buff yel low. (If bird does not agree 



454 



with above description, see Fringillidse.) 



Family TANAGRID/E. Tanagers. 



See page 263. 



Bill, without notch ; head, with crest ; primaries, ten ; tarsus, shorter 

 than middle toe and claw ; a black stripe from forehead through the 

 eye ; inner primaries and tail feathers, often tipped with little hard red 

 bits, like minute drops of sealing wax ; general plumage, venaceus gray 

 brown ; tail, tipped with yellow. 



Family AflPELID^E. Waxwings, Cedar Birds. 



See page 139. 



Bill, pointed, and somewhat rounded; back of tarsus, 

 rounded; hind toe nail, elongated, equal or longer than the 

 toe; nostrils, nearly or quite concealed by tufts of hair- 

 like feathers ; wing, over 4 inches long. 



Family ALAUDID/E. Larks. 

 See page 208. 



