148 



THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of 

 feathers; plumage, black or dark brown; 

 hind toe, short; claws, not sharp; head, 

 bare in adult. 



Family CATHARTID/C. Vultures. 

 See page 158. 



Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of feathers, as in the Owls ; toes, armed with talons 

 head, not barr. 





Hawks, Eagles, etc. 



See page 161. 



Eyes, surrounded by 

 radiated disk of feathers; 

 plumage, soft; bill, 

 hooked; toes, armed with 

 talons. 



(a) Middle toe nail with comb-like edge. 



Family STRIGID/E. Barn Owls. 



See page 181. 



(b) Middle toe without comb-like edge. 



Family BUBONID/E. Horned Owls, Hoot Owls. 



See page 186. 





Toes, four, two in front and two behind (zygodactyle) ; tail 

 feathers, stiff and pointed. Family PICID^E. Woodpeckers. 



See page 191. 



Plumage, glossy black ; first primary, much shorter than 

 second, not exceeding half as long as third ; fourth, or fifth primary, 

 longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed by coarse, 

 hair-like feathers ; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 

 Family CORVID/E. Crows and Ravens. 

 See page 201. 



