30 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



Type Breed Number 



Shorthorn 416,995 



Hereford 405,582 



RppF Typp I Aberdeen-Angus 108,524 



liEEF lYPE ^Polled Shorthorn 61,764 



Polled Hereford {*) 



Galloway 7,225 



All other ' 63,409 



Total 1,063,499 



iHolstein-Friesian 528,621 



Jersey 231,834 



Guernsey 79,446 



Ayrshire 30,509 



[Brown Swiss 8,283 



All other 2 37,909 



Total 916,602 



[Red Polled' {*) 



DuAL-PuRPOSB Type ... -I Milking Shorthorn (*) 



1 Devon 1,413 



All breeds 1,981,514 



' Probably includes Polled Hereforda and some Red Polled. 



2 Includas Dutch Belted, French Canadian, and Kerry, and may include Milking Shorthorns, Polled 

 Jerseys, and some Red Polled. 



' The 1920 census did not make a separate count of Red Polled cattle, but they are much more numer- 

 ous than Milking Shorthorns or Devons. 



* Not separately reported. 



Definitions of Cattle Terms i/ 



Bull. — Breeding male, any age. 



Cow. — Mature ferrale. 



Heifer.— A female urder three years old, and usually one that has 

 not produced offspring. 



Calf, — Young animal, usually under one year old. 



Steer. — Unsexed male, castrated when a calf. The best age to 

 castrate calves is six to eight weeks old, although they may be castrated 

 from a week to six months old. The longer castration is delayed the 

 greater is the risk of loss from the operation and the greater the liability 

 of coarseness developing in head, neck, and forequarters. 



Stag. — Unsexed male, castrated when mature or so far advanced 

 toward maturity that masculinity is plainly evident in head, neck, and 

 forequarters. Well-developed masculine character constitutes coarse- 

 ness in a market animal. 



Spayed heifer. — Unsexed heifer. Spaying is performed by making 

 an incision in front of the left hip and removing the ovaries. The scar 

 left after the operation is about the only sure method of identifying 

 such heifers. 



Free-martin. — An imperfectly-sexed heifer born twin with a bull. 

 They are infertile. All heifers born twin with bulls are not free- 

 martins. 



