Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 31 



Polled. — Naturally hornless. The Aberdeen- Angus, Galloway, and 

 Red Polled breeds are polled and produce polled offspring. The Polled 

 Shorthorn and Polled Hereford breeds are polled and usually produce 

 polled offspring. The term "mulley" is sometimes applied to polled 

 cattle, more especially to those not representative of any particular 

 breed. 



Scurs. — Flat or rounded buttons of horn sometimes present on the 

 heads of polled animals and usually attached to the skin rather than to 

 the skull. 



Dehorned. — ^Made hornless by the application of caustic potash 

 which destroys the horn-forming tissue of the young calf before the 

 horns have appeared, or by clipping or sawing off the horns of older 

 animals. The former method, properly practiced, is simpler, easier, 

 safer, and gives a neater appearance. 



Show Yard Classification by Ages 



Beef cattle. — The base dates for classifying beef cattle by ages are 

 January 1 and September 1, and the classes by ages are as follows: 



Junior calf class. — The animals eligible to this class are those 

 calved on or after January 1 of the year shown. 



Senior calf class. — Calved between (and including) September 1 

 and December 31 of the preceding year. 



Junior yearling class. — Calved between January 1 and August 31 

 of the preceding year. 



Senior yearling class. — Calved between September 1 and December 

 31 of the second preceding year. 



Two-year-old class. — Calved between September '1 of the third 

 preceding year and August 31 of the second preceding year. 



Three years old and over (aged) class. — Calved before September 1 

 of the third preceding year. 



For example, during the summer, fall, and winter show season of 

 1923, junior calves are those calved on or after January 1, 1923; senior 

 calves, those calved between (and including) September 1 and Decem- 

 ber 31, 1922; junior yearlings, between January 1 and August 31, 1922; 

 senior yearlings, between September 1 and December 31, 1921; two- 

 year-olds, between September 1, 1920, and August 31, 1921; and aged 

 animals three years old and over are those calved before September 1, 

 1920. 



Junior champion. — Best animal under two years. 



Senior champion. — Best animal two years old or over. 



Champion. — Best animal any age. 



