64 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



Average yields from steers. — A Chicago packer has computed 

 from numerous tests, the following weights and percentages of yields 

 from a steer: 



Pounds Per cent of 



live weight 



Live weight 1,200 



Carcass 700 58.3 



Hide 75 6.2 



Head, feet, knees 45 3.7 



Butter-fat 80 6.6 



Liver 12 1.0 



Heart 3 0.25 



Lungs 20 1.6 



Tongue 5 0.41 



Cheek meat 5 0.41 



Rough tallow and entrails 84 7.0 



Liquid blood 46 3.8 



Paunch and contents 106 8.8 



Lips and weasand meat 4 0.3 



Tail, bungs, and casings 15 1.2 



Total offal 500 41.27 



Totals 1,200 99.57 



The foregoing weights and percentages are for "green" or "warm" 

 products at time of slaughter, no allowance being made for shrinkage 

 in weight of carcass in cooling, shrinkage of the hide in curing, and 

 evaporation of moisture and shrinkage in converting other parts into 

 finished by-products. The Commercial Research Department of Swift 

 and Company, Chicago, 111., reports^ that on the average about 55 

 per cent of a steer is beef, and that the average 1,000-pound steer 

 yields about 550 pounds of beef and about 150 pounds of finished by- 

 products. The remaining 300 pounds is accounted for in evaporation, 

 shrinkage, and waste in manufacturing the green by-products into 

 finished by-products. 



Comparative value of carcass and by-products. — Edward N. Went- 

 worth of Armour's Livestock Bureau states ^ that for the quarter year 

 ending June 28, 1920, Armour and Company killed 201,213 cattle, 

 omitting calves, at its plants in Chicago, Kansas City, St. Louis, 

 Omaha, Fort Worth, Sioux City, St. Joseph, St. Paul, and Denver. 

 From these animals the average value of the carcass was $90.60 per 

 head, hide $14.23, and all other by-products $7.73. Expressed in per- 

 centages, the carcass represented 80.5 per cent of the total value, the 

 hide 12.6 per cent, and all other by-products 6.9 per cent. Nearly 43 



1 Studies in Live Stock Marketing, The Effects of Beef and By-Product Values 

 Upon Cattle Prices, Swift and Company, Chicago, Sept., 1921. 



2 Monthly Letter to Animal Husbandmen, The Source and Use of Packing 

 House By-Products, Armour and Company, Chicago, Aug. 1, 1920. 



