74 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



increases the dressing percentage, but reduces the value of the carcass 

 when excessive. 



The answers to the questions asked at the beginning of the experi- 

 ment are, therefore, as follows: 1. The gains from pounds of feed 

 consumed are practically the same for both the beef and dairy types. 

 2. The beef -type steer uses his gains to slight advantage as compared 

 with the dairy-type, placing a slightly greater percentage of his gains 

 in the valuable cuts. 3. The beef-tj^De steer yields the greater profit 

 to the feeder. 4. The dairy-type steer shows the greater amount of 

 offal. 5. The dairy-type steer carries the higher percentage of tallow. 

 6. As regards the percentage of valuable cuts, there is very little dif- 

 ference; if any, it is in favor of the beef-type steer. 7. The beef-type 

 steer yields cuts that are heavier, thicker, usually covered with whiter 

 fat, nicer in marbling, and a little better in color of muscle. There is 

 no apparent difference in fineness of grain. 8. The low price paid for 

 dairy steers may be due partially to prejudice, and to the greater ex- 

 pense of carrying and selling the low-grade carcasses, but it is chiefly 

 due to an actual inferiority in the carcasses. They are unsatisfactory 

 to the consumer, because they do not furnish thick and well-marbled 

 cuts; they are unsatisfactory to the butcher, because they furnish low- 

 grade carcasses which are difficult to dispose of; and they are decidedly 

 unsatisfactory to the feeder, because they yield him little or no profit, 

 and both breeder and feeder waste their time in producing such a type 

 of steer for beef purposes. 



In an earlier experiment at the Iowa Station, James Wilson and 

 C. F. Curtiss found the quantity of fat about the internal organs of 

 fat steers of the various breeds to be as follows: 



Breed Average dressed Loose Per cent of 



weight tallow loose tallow 



to beef 



Shorthorn 1,092 145 13.3 



Hereford 1,022 129 12.6 



Red Polled 990 125 12.6 



Galloway 1,088 147 13.5 



Angus 1,137 157 13.8 



Devon 815 123 15.0 



Swiss 1,017 119 11.7 



Holstein 862 155 17.9 



Jersey 880 166 18.8 



This table gives further evidence of the tendency of the dairy 

 breeds to deposit proportionately more fat about the intestines, paunch, 

 kidneys, and caul. Experiments at the Kansas Station substantiate 

 the results of the Iowa investigations. 



Why the dairy steer lacks thick flesh. — The experimental results 

 set forth above emphasize the lack of thickness in the cuts from the 

 dairy steer. In other words, the dairy steer is decidedly lacking in 



