148 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



The accompanying table ^ presents some interesting figures based 

 on the last census covering the 14 states which had the most beef cows 

 and heifers of breeding age on January 1, 1920. Seven of these states 

 are western and seven are central. Note the right-hand column of 

 figures giving the ratio between beef calves and beef cows in these 

 states on January 1. Note especially the marked difference between 

 the ratios for Texas and Iowa, the two leading states in beef cattle 

 breeding. 



Number of beef calves compared to number of beef cows and heifers, January 1, 1920 

 (Census figures) 



Number of beef Number of Number cf 



cows and heifers beef calves calves per hundred 



State two years old January 1 cows and h< ifers 



and over Janusry 1 



1. Texas* 2,181,359 903,084 41 



2. Iowa 848,914 844,656 100 



3. Nebraska 828,853 682,265 82 



4. Kansas 672,023 542,216 81 



5. New Mexico* 664,329 249,545 38 



6. South Dakota 573,589 467,986 82 



7. Missouri 533,675 445,199 83 



8. Colorado 529,186 325,033 61 



9. Okl ihoma 490,689 309,025 63 



10. California 441,059 242,315 55 



11. Arizona* 429,480 153,137 36 



12. Montana** 384,148 275,564 72 



13. Illinois 361,909 340,425 94 



14. Wyoming** 299,126 206,741 69 



*T iree southern range 3,275,168 1,305,766 40 



**Ta^o northern range 683,274 482,305 71 



Seven western states 4,928,687 2,355,419 48 



Seven centr il states 4,309,652 3,631,772 84 



Total 9,238,339 5,987,191 65 



Total United States 12,624,996 8,607,938 68 



This table indicates that Texas sells a large number of calves 

 prior to January 1, and that Iowa buys a considerable number of calves. 

 However, due allowance should be made for the fact that under range 

 conditions fewer calves are dropped per 100 cows, and losses of calves 

 from disease, exposure, predatory animals, poison, and other causes are 

 greater than in the central states, but these factors cannot cover the 

 wide differences which occur in the ratios between calves and cows in 

 many of the 14 states. ^ At the bottom of the table appears a com- 



1 Compiled from U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1921, pp. 248, 250. 



2 Figures covering the average calf crops and average losses of calves up to 12 

 months of age in various states are given by B irnes and Jardine in U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Rpt. 110, p. 27, and by Cotton and Ward in U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt. Ill, pp. 41, 51. 

 Applying these figures, and assuming that the number of breeding females was the 

 same in 1919 as in 1920, then the number of January calves produced per 100 breed- 

 ing females in Iowa was 86, Nebraska 78, Kansas 81, New Mexico 59, South Dakota 

 85, Missouri 89, Colorado 64, California 69, Arizona 52, Montana 71, Illinois 88, and 

 Wyoming 69. Similar figures are not available for Texas and Oklahoma. Assuming 



