Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



151 



its ancestors will be transmitted to its offspring, we at once realize the 

 purebred's power for good when used as a breeder. The terms "full 

 blood" and "thoroughbred" are often erroneously used in place of the 

 word "purebred." 



A crossbred animal is one whose sire and dam were both purebred, 

 but belonged to different breeds. A cross between a Shorthorn bull 

 and a Hereford cow, for example, produces a crossbred calf. 



A scrub animal is one that bears no evidence of good breeding — 

 one without any purebred ancestors, or, at most, very few and very 

 distant ones. Its ancestors were a miscellaneous lot, of all shapes. 



Fig. 49. — Old-time Texas long-horn, formerljr a prominent feature on the 

 American cattle markets. Early range cattle were of this type. They had very 

 long horns, long legs, thin flesh, and narrow bodies. Through the continued use of 

 purebred bulls this early type has practically disappeared. 



sizes, colors, and sorts, few if any of which were useful animals. Hence, 

 scrub animals are usually of indeterminate type and little value. 

 Calves sired by scrub bulls and out of scrub dams will be as worthless 

 as their ancestry. 



A grade animal is one produced by mating a scrub female with a 

 purebred male. If this grade animal is a female and is in turn mated 

 with a purebred male of the same type (and preferably of the same 

 breed) as its own purebred parent, the result will still be a grade. 

 Grade animals possess from 50 to 75 per cent of pure breeding. 



