172 



Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



too large, for udders with very large teats are usually cut up between 

 the halves and quarters, and this occurs at the expense of glandular 

 tissue. When dairy cows are judged, a small amount of milk is drawn 

 from each teat to make certain that the teat is unobstructed and free 

 from defects not evident to the eye. Leaky teats are due to weakness 

 of the muscles of the teat, this being an undesirable trait rather com- 

 monly met with, especially in heavy milkers just before milking time. 

 Some udders have not only four large teats, but also one or more small 

 or rudimentary ones. A small amount of milk may sometimes be 

 drawn from them, as they usually spring from rudimentary glands. 

 It is preferred that the udder have four full-sized teats, and four only. 



I'luiiimj 



Fig. 60. — A combination of beauty and utility. Jersey cow, Bosnian's Anna, 

 champion at the National Dairy Show. Owned by C. I. Hudson, East Norwich, 

 L. I., N. Y. Her chiseled, feminine head, straight top line, deep rib, nicely balanced 

 udder, and large veins are all noteworthy. She is especially strong in temperament 

 and quality. Note also the correlation between levelness of rump and levelness of 

 udder. 



In conclusion it may be said that the udder, first of all, should be 

 large; second, it should be mellow and glandular; third, it should be 

 well-balanced and of good shape; fourth, the teats should be of medium 

 size and placed well apart. 



The milk-veins are large veins passing forward from the udder 

 along the belly just beneath the skin, and disappearing through open- 

 ings in the body-wall known as milk-wells. The position of the milk- 

 wells varies; some are near the fore flanks, and some midway between 



