Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 207 



her board, in part at least, with a fair amount of butter-fat. It is 

 argued that he can no more afford this than he can afford to keep 

 mutton sheep which produce lambs, but no wool. The advocates of 

 the dual-purpose cow claim that she will be the salvation of future beef 

 production. However this may be, changes will come gradually and 

 it seems probable that the beef-type animal is destined to continue 

 popular for some years to come. 



The methods of management where dual-purpose herds are kept 

 vary considerably. Sometimes the production of beef is given most 

 attention and the milking qualities of the cows are esteemed only as 

 a source of feed for the calves. At the other extreme are herds managed 



Fig. 69. — The dual-purpose type. Milking Shorthorn cow, Pansy 2d, first 

 prize winner at Carlisle, England. Imported and owned by James J. Hill, St. Paul, 

 Minn. 



as dairy herds, the beefiness of the cows making possible a good income 

 from choice veal calves reared on skim milk and supplemental feeds. 

 Neither of these plans represents true dual-purpose management. 

 The dual-purpose cow is at her best when the plan calls for the sale 

 of milk or butter-fat and the rearing of calves to be fed and marketed 

 as fat steers and heifers, or sold into other hands for feeding. All of 

 the cows may be milked, the butter-fat sold, and the skim milk fed to 

 the calves; or half of the cows may be milked and the rest allowed to 

 raise the calves. 



