362 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



before the days of artificial refrigeration, and although such a designa- 

 tion is no longer necessary it is still adhered to by statisticians. Before 

 1873 summer packing was not practiced, but it began in September of 

 that year when it is said to have reached the number of 505,500. ^ 



Edward N. Wentworth of Armour and Company has shown that 

 the ratio between winter and summer packing in the West was 194 to 

 100 in 1878-79 and 1879-'80; that about 1890 winter and summer 

 slaughter were equalized; and that since 1890 summer slaughter has 

 increased to a marked degree. In 1920-'21 and 1921-'22 the ratio 

 (winter to summer) was 66 to 100. ^ 



The growth of pork packing in the United States and Canada 

 since 1880 is shown by the following figures giving the total number of 

 hogs packed for the twelve months ending March 1 : ' 



Yearly hog packing in the United States and Canada 



Number hogs Number hoga 



Year packed in packed in 



United States Canada 



1879-'80 14,829,000 195,379 



1884-'85 14,727,000 210,148 



1889-'90 18,906,000 238,709 



1894-'95 21,620,000 510,650 



1899-'00 28,172,000 1,491,000 



1904-'05 29,691,000 1,650,000 



1909-'10 29,923,000 1,250,000 



1914-'15. 34,245,000 2,598,000 



1919-'20 33,172,438 2,180,400 



1921-'22 30,076,901 1 ,549,674 



Exports of pork products. — From 1907 to 1921 inclusive, we ex- 

 ported 9.8 per cent of our total pork production and 32 per cent of our 

 total lard production. * Pork and pork products comprised 85 per cent 

 of the total quantity of our exports of meat and meat products in 1920, 

 and 87 per cent in 1921. ^ The United States was the leading meat- 

 exporting country during the three pre-war years 1911 to 1913, and we 

 also held first rank, and by a large margin, in each of the years from 

 1915 to 1920 inclusive. ^ In 1920 we contributed over 46 per cent of 

 the meat and meat products exported by all countries. ^ Our natural 

 advantages for hog raising and our vast production of pork in excess 

 of our own needs give us our supremacy in the meat export trade. 



The development of our export trade in pork since 1790 is shown 

 by the following figures: ^ 



• lU. S. Bur. Anim. Indus. Bui. 47, p. 256. 



2 Monthly Letter to Animal Husbandmen, Armour's Livestock Bureau, Chicago, 

 Jan. 1, 1923. 



3 Compiled from Price Current-Grain Reporter Year Books. 



4 Wentworth and Gentry: Progressive Hog Raising, p. 56. 



6U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1921, p. 683. 



«U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbooks— 1920, pp. 719, 720; 1921, p. 682. 



7U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1921, p. 682. 



* George M. Rommel: The Hog Industry, U. S. Bur. Anim. Indus. Bui. 47, 

 pp. 263-265; figures since 1900 from U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbooks. 



