400 Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 



the most wear comes. Knowing these things, he can manufacture a 

 motor of high efficiency, or, operating one, he can obtain from it the 

 greatest amount of work with least danger of injuring the machine. 

 Hence we see how important is a knowledge of the anatomy of the 

 horse as a basis for the study of types of horses and the requirements 

 and capabilities of each type. 



It is not possible to develop a good judge of any kind of live stock 

 by teaching simply what to look for in an animal. A mere description 

 of parts or points is not sufficient. The student wants to know why 

 certain things are desirable in an animal, and why certain other things 

 are undesirable. He must know the "why" of each point if he is to 

 value each point properly and put emphasis where it belongs. This 

 is especially true in learning to judge horses. No matter how care- 

 fully the points to be looked for in feet and legs are described, the 

 student cannot recognize the importance of these parts and know what 

 constitutes a first-class foot and leg, unless he has a fairly good idea 

 of their anatomy and physiology. In the pages which follow, the 

 writer has, therefore, given considerable attention to some of the essen- 

 tial features of horse anatomy before entering upon a description of 

 the various types and market classes of horses. 



Definitions of Horse Terms 



Stallion. — Breeding male. 



Mare. — The female. 



Colt. — A young stallion. 



Filly. — A young mare. 



Foal. — Colt or filly under one year old. 



Weanling. — A weaned foal. 



Gelding. — Unsexed male, castrated under two years old. The best 

 age to castrate colts is at one year old after they have been on pasture 

 a few weeks but before fly-time. In the corn belt the best time to 

 castrate is the latter part of May. 



Stag. — Unsexed male, castrated when mature or so far advanced 

 toward maturity that masculinity is plainly evident in head and neck. 

 This constitutes coarseness in a horse for harness or saddle use. 



Yeld mare. — A mare that has not raised a foal during the season; 

 a dry mare. 



Show Yard Classification by Ages 



The base date for classifying horses by ages is January 1, and the 

 classes by ages are as follows: The foal class includes only those that 

 were foaled on or after January 1 of the year shown. All foals become 

 yearlings on January 1 of the year following the date foaled. One 

 year later they become two-year-olds, the next year three-year-olds, and 



